Cheaters will never win, coz karma's a bitch!





  • 8

Re: Cheaters will never win, coz karma's a bitch!

Postby Sybarite » Wed Feb 08, 2017 5:43 am

    

Both Philippines and Thailand failed to reach top 3. In other words both of them lost. Does that mean that Chalita suffered from bad karma too? So what kind of cheating did the Thai delegate do? putting too much make up to make her plain face look prettier and her nose smaller? She should be thankful that she got the easiest question. Every pageant girl has a memorized answer for that most common pageant question. Just be happy that finally a Thai delegate did better than most of the previous representatives from her country. Something that the worldwide audience rarely see, and that will probably happen again only after 20 or 30 years from now. So just enjoy this rare moment...and stop the obsession with every Miss Universe Philippines. Oh! BTW, the Binibining Pilipinas season is about to begin, and we all know that all these bashers here are eagerly waiting for that too. Enjoy!


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Re: Cheaters will never win, coz karma's a bitch!

Postby beauberly » Wed Feb 08, 2017 5:51 am

Sybarite wrote:Both Philippines and Thailand failed to reach top 3. In other words both of them lost. Does that mean that Chalita suffered from bad karma too? So what kind of cheating did the Thai delegate do? putting too much make up to make her plain face look prettier and her nose smaller? She should be thankful that she got the easiest question. Every pageant girl has a memorized answer for that most common pageant question. Just be happy that finally a Thai delegate did better than most of the previous representatives from her country. Something that the worldwide audience rarely see, and that will probably happen again only after 20 or 30 years from now. So just enjoy this rare moment...and stop the obsession with every Miss Universe Philippines. Oh! BTW, the Binibining Pilipinas season is about to begin, and we all know that all these bashers here are eagerly waiting for that too. Enjoy!




Wahahah you nailed it! =;)) =;)) I don't know why people keep on telling it's a Karma when Chalita and Maxine's placement were both on TOP 6 :%)) maybe if Thailand placed higher than Maxine that would be a very good example of Karma! haha Plus Philippines already have a 3 crowns at Miss Universe now, (Highest number of Miss Universe crowns in ASIA) and additional crowns to other international pageants so i don't really get the karma part! WHERE? WHICH PART?? lol :%)) :%))


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  • 1

Re: Cheaters will never win, coz karma's a bitch!

Postby 100Mile » Wed Feb 08, 2017 7:12 am

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Be Thankful for the Philippines for successfully hosting Miss Universe.. :=p Asian delegates are united & @ peace with each other.. :7 NO..There's no such thing as Karma .. [-X Even those 70+ Ladies who didn't make the Top 13 are grateful & satisfied .. :hx Lots of girls have even extended their stay.. Just Spread the Love ! :-*










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Why the Mahárlika (Philippines) is the Wealthiest Nation in the World Today


[youtube]GcMFE8lFGMQ[/youtube]



















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Re: Cheaters will never win, coz karma's a bitch!

Postby alxfranz » Wed Feb 08, 2017 8:28 am

PINOY NAMAN YAN EH DI NIYO AMOY?WAG NA PATULAN MGA BEKS!!
[size=150][color=#0000FF][b][/b][/color][/size]
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Re: Cheaters will never win, coz karma's a bitch!

Postby Chimaera » Wed Feb 08, 2017 9:05 am

pilyangfilipina wrote:
beachbeauty wrote:I believe that those who cheat in Q&A should be penalised… such as certain someone can understand and speak English, yet used translator in the Top 6 interview, this is cheating and very shameless, coz the cheater cheated extra time, but karma's a bitch so this cheater end up answering in English and even give the worst & most lousy answer in the Top 6, that's your karma for cheating! >:) >:) >:)




hoy bakla !!!!!!!!!!! first of all f**k u and ur chalita who had the biggest karma of all time !!!!!!!!!!!!!! her super OILY FACE was doomed to lose from the very start !!!!!!!!! despite your country 's desperate effort to FORCE everyone to vote for her just to get in the semi finals , she still FLOPPED BIG TIME !!!!!!!!!! nor her so TRYING HARD effort to bring seventeen luggages, spending millions on her national costume who LOST big time to ms myanmar and dressing herself in our national barong tagalog on her arrival was just futile on miss TAELAND s universe org to try everything so desperately but still was bitch slapped on her DIRTY OILY face !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

in fact your chalita was the one who had the biggest karma BITCH SLAP because with all the millions that was spent on her she was only able to penetrate the semi finals through the FORCED VOTING imposed on everyone in TAELAND !!!!!!! AND STILL LOST!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! HA HA HA HA HA HA HA HA !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! and lastly she had the LOUSIEST beauty among the semi finalists !!!!!!!!!!!!



hahahah.. dugyot beauty.. ang greasy nga nya tlga... nagpaka latina kc e ang fezang ni ate very malay
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Re: Cheaters will never win, coz karma's a bitch!

Postby Mariana Erwin » Wed Feb 08, 2017 9:59 am

beachbeauty wrote:I believe that those who cheat in Q&A should be penalised… such as certain someone can understand and speak English, yet used translator in the Top 6 interview, this is cheating and very shameless, coz the cheater cheated extra time, but karma's a bitch so this cheater end up answering in English and even give the worst & most lousy answer in the Top 6, that's your karma for cheating! >:) >:) >:)
I think your candidate shouldn't have placed with her attitude on oranges. 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-}

There's no problem with answering in English or in your comfortable language. And dear, you can't cheat a final question - because in the final question, the judges vote on the best answer, because all answers are correct. This isn't a high school test.
No more bashers in 2022, please.

Also, watch Dani Walker's video to know more on how bashers can kill with their words.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lbYUDqSC1UM
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Re: Cheaters will never win, coz karma's a bitch!

Postby Mariana Erwin » Wed Feb 08, 2017 10:05 am

beachbeauty wrote:all the replies here are jokes after jokes it's hilarious! english is the official lanaguage of philippines and u need translators for a language of your country? there can only be 2 reasons: either someone is trying to be a cheater or someone is stupid that's why can't speak official language of own country. go ahead and choose one guys :%)) :%)) :%)) =;)) =;)) =;))

veneuzuela, panama, dominican rep and the rest of latin america use SPANISH and speak only SPANISH, so when they attempt to answer in english is sincere EXTRA EFFORTS trying to impress the judges and audiences, by comparing apples with oranges, your nonsense logic is NONSENSE =;)) =;)) =;)) =;)) =;)) =;))
The official language of the Philippines is FILIPINO. English is an official language, but it is only a secondary language, dear. 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-}

And no, the reason why the girls from Latin America use translators is because they cannot speak English, which is the language used to communicate with other people internationally. While English is an official language in some of these countries, Spanish is more superior. And of course, Filipino is superior than English in the Philippines because Filipino is the native language of the country.

The reason why you need a translator is the same reason why the girls from Latin America need them - its because they can't speak it or they are not comfortable speaking it. That's why an interpreter was there because Maxine's flaw is communication. She is a bit shy. At least, she made it to the final 6.

By the way, while you support Andrea, I will never support her for her immaturity. And so as your ''Miss Universe'', who turned out to be a bitter gourd as well.
No more bashers in 2022, please.

Also, watch Dani Walker's video to know more on how bashers can kill with their words.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lbYUDqSC1UM
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Re: Cheaters will never win, coz karma's a bitch!

Postby beachbeauty » Wed Feb 08, 2017 11:49 am

Mariana Erwin wrote:
beachbeauty wrote:all the replies here are jokes after jokes it's hilarious! english is the official lanaguage of philippines and u need translators for a language of your country? there can only be 2 reasons: either someone is trying to be a cheater or someone is stupid that's why can't speak official language of own country. go ahead and choose one guys :%)) :%)) :%)) =;)) =;)) =;))

veneuzuela, panama, dominican rep and the rest of latin america use SPANISH and speak only SPANISH, so when they attempt to answer in english is sincere EXTRA EFFORTS trying to impress the judges and audiences, by comparing apples with oranges, your nonsense logic is NONSENSE =;)) =;)) =;)) =;)) =;)) =;))
The official language of the Philippines is FILIPINO. English is an official language, but it is only a secondary language, dear. 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-}

And no, the reason why the girls from Latin America use translators is because they cannot speak English, which is the language used to communicate with other people internationally. While English is an official language in some of these countries, Spanish is more superior. And of course, Filipino is superior than English in the Philippines because Filipino is the native language of the country.

The reason why you need a translator is the same reason why the girls from Latin America need them - its because they can't speak it or they are not comfortable speaking it. That's why an interpreter was there because Maxine's flaw is communication. She is a bit shy. At least, she made it to the final 6.

By the way, while you support Andrea, I will never support her for her immaturity. And so as your ''Miss Universe'', who turned out to be a bitter gourd as well.


TO MY DEAREST MARIANA ERWIN, I DEDICATED THIS PICTURE TO YOU AND I HOPE YOU WILL PRINT IT OUT IN HD, FRAME IT IN A GOLD FRAME AND PUT IN NEXT TO YOUR BED SO THAT YOU CAN LOOK AT IT EVERY MORNING AND EVERY NIGHT, MUCH LOVE FROM BEACH BEAUTY :-* :-* :-* :-* :-* :-* :-* :-* :-* :-* :-* :-* :-* :-* :-* :-* :-* :-* :-* :-*
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Re: Cheaters will never win, coz karma's a bitch!

Postby lesham » Wed Feb 08, 2017 12:10 pm

That's why Chakalita didn't win. She cheated her way to the semifinals thru fan votes robbing Nicaragua a placement
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Re: Cheaters will never win, coz karma's a bitch!

Postby HARVIN » Wed Feb 08, 2017 12:29 pm

But Thailand's placement was one of the biggest cheat of the night. =;)) =;))

Chalita is a mediocre Thai beauty, I saw her in person >:) She is forgettable but thanks to her 17 luggage. People would always remember her excess luggage as her trademark but not her beauty. =;))

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Re: Cheaters will never win, coz karma's a bitch!

Postby Prissila » Wed Feb 08, 2017 1:49 pm

Sybarite wrote:Both Philippines and Thailand failed to reach top 3. In other words both of them lost. Does that mean that Chalita suffered from bad karma too? So what kind of cheating did the Thai delegate do? putting too much make up to make her plain face look prettier and her nose smaller? She should be thankful that she got the easiest question. Every pageant girl has a memorized answer for that most common pageant question. Just be happy that finally a Thai delegate did better than most of the previous representatives from her country. Something that the worldwide audience rarely see, and that will probably happen again only after 20 or 30 years from now. So just enjoy this rare moment...and stop the obsession with every Miss Universe Philippines. Oh! BTW, the Binibining Pilipinas season is about to begin, and we all know that all these bashers here are eagerly waiting for that too. Enjoy!
I need to slayed this stupid comment!!ok!!pageant fan around the world r not blinded& stupid as pinoys !we all know Chalita very popular more than Maxin Medina!!u said Chalita is plain and big nose!! :%)) but I know it's almost 60 years now that Php tried hard to search Pinay queen who in the same level of beauty with Chalita!!but u still can't find anyone yet!u only can dream that Janicel &Ann colis looks like Chalita!!ok i understand you Php!! :%)) but as u know that Thailand is a mother of Asian beauty so from now on our MUT will show the world that we have high caliber Asian beauty!we will produce high caliber asian beauty to Miss Universe!!we already started with Aniporn and Chalita!!we will be Venezuela of Asia!! >:)the new era of the new power house is just begun!!stay tuned >:)
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Re: Cheaters will never win, coz karma's a bitch!

Postby Prissila » Wed Feb 08, 2017 1:53 pm

Stupid pinoys u think the ts is Thai?again u bashed us for no reason!! >:<
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Re: Cheaters will never win, coz karma's a bitch!

Postby VEKLU » Wed Feb 08, 2017 2:31 pm

List of law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Diane Wood, Chief Judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit. A graduate of the University of Texas Law School, she clerked for Justice Harry Blackmun of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1976 to 1977.
Law clerks have assisted the Supreme Court Justices in various capacities, since the first one was hired by Justice Horace Gray in 1882.[1]:1 By the traditions and rules that have developed around this procedure today the eight Associate Justices on the Supreme Court of the United States have the opportunity to select four law clerks each term of the court. The Chief Justice is allowed five clerks, but often hires fewer.[a][1]:195 After retiring from the Court, a justice may continue to employ a law clerk, who may be assigned to provide additional assistance to an active justice, or assist the retired justice when sitting by designation with a lower court.

As the list below shows, six Supreme Court law clerks have gone on to become Supreme Court Justices themselves: Byron White [Vinson 1946–47]; John Paul Stevens [Rutledge 1947–48]; William Rehnquist [Jackson 1952–53]; Stephen Breyer [Goldberg 1963–64]; John Roberts [Rehnquist 1980–81]; and Elena Kagan [Marshall 1987–88]. Many Supreme Court law clerks have gone on to become federal appellate or district judges, members of Congress, or Cabinet Secretaries in the Executive Branch, or both.

Alger Hiss, law clerk for Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes for the 1929–30 Supreme Court term, is the only Supreme Court law clerk in history later convicted of federal felonies and sentenced to prison.

Contents [hide]
1 List of Supreme Court law clerks
2 See also
3 Notes
4 References
5 Additional sources
List of Supreme Court law clerks[edit]
The following sortable table[b] lists more than 2,200 law clerks who have served for Supreme Court justices, the years their service began and ended, the law school they attended (with the year they graduated), and any previous clerkships they held.

Seat = Supreme Court Justice Seat[c]
Num = Order that Supreme Court Justice was appointed


[hide]Seat Num Justice Law clerk Started Finished Law school (year) Previous clerkship
CJ 43 Morrison Waite
CJ 50 Melville Fuller Thomas H. Fitnam 1888 1889 Georgetown? (c. 1888)
CJ 50 Melville Fuller James S. Harlan 1888 1889 admitted to bar, 1886 none
CJ 50 Melville Fuller Clarence M. York 1890 1896 National (1889) none
CJ 50 Melville Fuller Clarence M. York 1897 1905 National (1889) S. Field / M. W. Fuller
CJ 50 Melville Fuller Stephen Albion Day 1905 1907 Michigan (did not graduate; admitted to bar, 1907) W. Day
CJ 55 Edward Douglass White John J. Byrne 1918 1921 Georgetown (1909–10)
CJ 69 William Howard Taft John J. Byrne 1921 1924 Georgetown (1909–10) E. White
CJ 69 William Howard Taft Wendell Mischler 1921 1930 Ripley (OH) High School (1885)
CJ 69 William Howard Taft C. Dickerman Williams 1924 1925 Yale (1924) none
CJ 69 William Howard Taft Reynolds Robertson 1929 1930 GW (1932) S. Ct. Clerk's Office, Assistant Clerk (1922–29)
CJ 62 Charles Evans Hughes Wendell Mischler 1930 1930 Ripley (OH) High School (1885) Taft
CJ 62 Charles Evans Hughes Reynolds Robertson 1930 1934 GW (1932) Taft
CJ 62 Charles Evans Hughes Francis R. Kirkham 1934 1935 GW (1931) Sutherland
CJ 62 Charles Evans Hughes Richard W. Hogue, Jr. 1938 1939 Penn (1930) Sutherland
CJ 69 Charles Evans Hughes Edwin McElwain 1938 1941 Harvard (1934)
CJ 73 Harlan F. Stone Bennett Boskey 1941 1943 Harvard (1939) S. F. Reed / L. Hand (2d Cir.)
CJ 73 Harlan F. Stone Carl Roger Nelson 1941 1942 Columbia (1941)
CJ 73 Harlan F. Stone James Lord Morrison 1942 1943 Columbia (1941)
CJ 73 Harlan F. Stone Eugene H. Nickerson 1944 April 1946 Columbia (1943) A. Hand (2d Cir.)
CJ 73 Harlan F. Stone Herbert Prashker 1945 April 1946 Columbia (1943) I. Lehman (NY COA)
CJ 85 Fred M. Vinson Francis A. Allen 1946 1948 Northwestern (1946) none
CJ 85 Fred M. Vinson Byron R. White 1946 1947 Yale (1946) none
CJ 85 Fred M. Vinson Karl R. Price 1947 1948 Yale (1940) C. Clark (2d Cir.)
CJ 85 Fred M. Vinson Lawrence F. Ebb 1947 1948 Harvard (1946)
CJ 85 Fred M. Vinson David E. Feller 1947 1949 Harvard (1941)
CJ 85 Fred M. Vinson Isaac N. ("Ike") Groner 1948 1949 Yale (1948)
CJ 85 Fred M. Vinson Arthur R. Seder, Jr. 1948 1950 Northwestern (1947) none
CJ 85 Fred M. Vinson Murray L. Schwartz 1949 1951 Penn (1949)
CJ 85 Fred M. Vinson Howard J. Trienens 1950 1952 Northwestern (1949) none
CJ 85 Fred M. Vinson Dan Walker 1950 1951 Northwestern (1950) none
CJ 85 Fred M. Vinson Newton N. Minow 1951 1952 Northwestern (1950) none
CJ 85 Fred M. Vinson James C.N. Paul 1951 1953 Penn (1951) none
CJ 85 Fred M. Vinson Carl S. Hawkins 1952 1953 Northwestern (1950) none
CJ 85 Fred M. Vinson William W. Oliver 1952 1953 Northwestern (1949) none
CJ 85 Fred M. Vinson Earl E. Pollock 1953 1953 Northwestern (1953) none
CJ 88 Earl Warren Richard J. Flynn 1953 1954 Northwestern (1953)
CJ 88 Earl Warren William W. Oliver 1953 1954 Northwestern (1949) Vinson
CJ 88 Earl Warren Earl E. Pollock 1953 1955 Northwestern (1953) Vinson
CJ 88 Earl Warren Gerald Gunther[2] 1954 1955 Harvard (1953) L. Hand (2d Cir.)
CJ 88 Earl Warren Payson R. Wolff 1954 1955 Yale (1954) none
CJ 88 Earl Warren Jerome A. Cohen 1955 1956 Yale (1955) none
CJ 88 Earl Warren Graham Moody 1955 1956 Berkeley (1955)
CJ 88 Earl Warren Samuel A. Stern 1955 1956 Harvard (1952) Magruder (1st Cir.)
CJ 88 Earl Warren Martin F. Richman 1955 1957 Harvard (1953) Magruder (1st Cir.)
CJ 88 Earl Warren William H. Allen 1956 1957 Stanford (1956) none
CJ 88 Earl Warren Curtis R. Reitz 1956 1957 Penn (1956) none
CJ 88 Earl Warren Jon O. Newman 1957 1958 Yale (1956) G. T. Washington (D.C. Cir.)
CJ 88 Earl Warren Dallin H. Oaks 1957 1958 Chicago (1957) none
CJ 88 Earl Warren Donald M. Cahen 1957 1958 Berkeley (1957) none
CJ 88 Earl Warren Marc A. Franklin 1958 1959 Cornell (1956) Hincks (2d Cir.)
CJ 88 Earl Warren Ira Michael Heyman 1958 1959 Yale (1956) C. E. Clark (2d Cir.)
CJ 88 Earl Warren Robert J. Hoerner 1958 1959 Michigan (1958)
CJ 88 Earl Warren Murray H. Bring 1959 1961 NYU (1959)
CJ 88 Earl Warren William H. Dempsey 1959 1960 Yale (1955) Fahy (D.C. Cir.)
CJ 88 Earl Warren Ralph J. Moore, Jr. 1959 1960 Berkeley (1959) none
CJ 88 Earl Warren Arthur I. Rosett 1959 1960 Columbia (1959) none
CJ 88 Earl Warren R. Markham Ball (shared with Reed and Burton) 1960 1961 Harvard (1960) none
CJ 88 Earl Warren Jesse H. Choper 1960 1961 Penn (1960) none
CJ 88 Earl Warren Joseph W. Bartlett 1960 1961 Stanford (1960) none
CJ 88 Earl Warren Peter D. Ehrenhaft 1961 1962 Columbia (1957)
CJ 88 Earl Warren R. Gordon Gooch 1961 1962 Texas (1957)
CJ 88 Earl Warren Henry J. Steinman, Jr. 1961 1962 UCLA (1961)
CJ 88 Earl Warren James N. Adler (shared with Whittaker) 1961 1962 Michigan (1961)
CJ 88 Earl Warren Timothy B. Dyk 1962 1963 Harvard (1961) S. F. Reed / Burton
CJ 88 Earl Warren John D. Niles 1962 1963 Berkeley (1962)
CJ 88 Earl Warren Peter R. Taft 1962 1963 Yale (1961) Rives (5th Cir.)
CJ 88 Earl Warren Stuart R. Pollak (shared with Reed and Burton) 1962 1963 Harvard (1962)
CJ 88 Earl Warren Francis X. Beytagh 1963 1964 Michigan (1963) none
CJ 88 Earl Warren Theodore R. Boehm (shared with Reed and Burton) 1963 1964 Harvard (1963) none
CJ 88 Earl Warren James K. Hoenig 1963 1964 Stanford (1963) none
CJ 88 Earl Warren Peter W. Low 1963 1964 Virginia (1963) none
CJ 88 Earl Warren John Hart Ely[3] 1964 1965 Yale (1963) none
CJ 88 Earl Warren James C. Gaither 1964 1965 Stanford (1964) none
CJ 88 Earl Warren Dennis M. Flannery 1964 1965 Penn (1964) none
CJ 88 Earl Warren George C. Cochran (shared with Reed) 1964 1965 North Carolina (1964) none
CJ 88 Earl Warren James T. Hale[4] 1965 1966 Minnesota (1965) none
CJ 88 Earl Warren Michael E. Smith 1965 1966 Michigan (1964) Waterman (2d Cir.)
CJ 88 Earl Warren Kenneth Ziffren 1965 1966 UCLA (1965) none
CJ 88 Earl Warren Phillip E. Johnson 1966 1967 Chicago (1965) Traynor (Cal.)
CJ 88 Earl Warren C. Douglas Kranwinkle 1966 1967 Michigan (1965)
CJ 88 Earl Warren Benno C. Schmidt, Jr. 1966 1967 Yale (1966)
CJ 88 Earl Warren Harold Bolton Finn, III (shared with Reed) 1966 1967 Columbia (1966)
CJ 88 Earl Warren Tyrone Brown 1967 1968 Cornell (1967) none
CJ 88 Earl Warren J. Larry Nichols (shared with Clark) 1967 1968 Michigan (1967)
CJ 88 Earl Warren Larry G. Simon 1967 1968 Yale (1965) Weinfeld (S.D.N.Y.)
CJ 88 Earl Warren Charles H. Wilson, Jr. 1967 1968 Berkeley (1967)
CJ 88 Earl Warren Scott H. Bice 1968 1969 USC (1968) none
CJ 88 Earl Warren Earl C. Dudley, Jr. (shared with Reed) 1968 1969 Virginia (1967) none
CJ 88 Earl Warren C. Boyden Gray 1968 1969 North Carolina (1968) none
CJ 88 Earl Warren Paul J. Meyer 1968 1969 Notre Dame (1967) Schaefer (Illinois)
CJ 88 Earl Warren Robert T. Lasky 1968 1969 Penn (1967) S. Roberts (Pennsylvania)
CJ 88 Earl Warren (retired) Edward L. Strohbehn, Jr. 1969 1970 Yale (1969) none
CJ 88 Earl Warren (retired) John W. Keker 1970 1971 Yale (1970) none
CJ 88 Earl Warren (retired) G. Edward White 1971 1972 Harvard (1970)
CJ 88 Earl Warren (retired) Theodore ("Ted") Eisenberg (shared with Burger) 1973 1974 Penn (1972) ? (D.C. Cir)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Robert Fabrikant 1969 1970 Georgetown (1968) Burger (D.C. Cir)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Charles F. Lettow 1969 1970 Stanford (1968) Duniway (9th Cir.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Harry A. Rissetto 1969 1970 Georgetown (1968) Sirica (D.D.C.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Michael D. Zimmerman 1969 1970 Utah (1969)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger George Marshall Moriarty (hired by Burger, shared with White, Black, Stewart) 1969 1970 Harvard (1968) Aldrich (1st Cir.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Jerry W. Snider (shared with Clark) 1969 1970 Houston (1969)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger James R. Atwood 1970 1971 Stanford (1969) Hufstedler (9th Cir.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger David O. Bickart 1970 1971 NYU (1969) Wyatt (S.D.N.Y.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Theodore L. Garrett 1970 1971 Columbia (1968) J. J. Smith (2d Cir.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger John M. Harmon 1971 1971 Duke (1969) Hugo Black / G. Bell (5th Cir.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger William B. Elmore, Jr. 1971 1972 Columbia (1970)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Chesney Douglas ("Doug") Floyd 1971 1972 Stanford (1967)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger John H. Korns 1971 1972 Harvard (1970) Wisdom (5th Cir.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Richard W. Skillman 1971 1972 NYU (1970) J. J. Gibbons (3d Cir.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Lee C. Bollinger 1972 1973 Columbia (1971) Feinberg (2d Cir.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Daniel R. Coquillette 1972 1973 Harvard (1971) Braucher (Mass.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Richard D. Diamond 1972 1973 Yale (1971) Weigel (N.D. Cal.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Jack M. Weiss 1972 1973 Harvard (1971) Wisdom (5th Cir.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Richard J. Urowsky (hired by Reed / shared with White, Stewart) 1972 1973 Yale (1972) none
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Arthur F. Fergenson 1973 1974 Yale (1972) Griesa (S.D.N.Y.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Kenneth F. Ripple 1973 1975 Virginia (1968) none
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Joseph C. Zengerle 1973 1974 Michigan (1971) McGowan (D.C. Cir)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Theodore ("Ted") Eisenberg (shared with Warren) 1973 1974 Penn (1972) ? (D.C. Cir)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Stephen B. Burbank 1974 1975 Harvard (1973) Braucher (Mass.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Timothy D. Kelly[4] 1974 1975 Minnesota (1973) Neville (D. Minn.)[5]
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Stephen S. Walters 1974 1975 Stanford (1972) Duniway (9th Cir.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Candace S. Kovacic(-Fleischer) 1975 1976 Northeastern (1974) Oakes (2d Cir.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Kenneth W. Starr 1975 1977 Duke (1973) Burger / Dyer (5th Cir.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Peter Rossiter 1975 1976 Yale (1973) Rubin (E.D. La.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger W. Wayne Drinkwater, Jr. 1976 1977 Mississippi (1974) Keady (N.D. Miss.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Alex Kozinski 1976 1977 UCLA (1975) Kennedy (9th Cir.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Paul J. Ondrasik, Jr. 1976 1977 Virginia (1975) Seitz (3d Cir.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Henry L. Parr, Jr. 1977 1978 Virginia (1976) Haynsworth (4th Cir.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Monte N. Stewart 1977 1978 BYU (1976) J. C. Wallace (9th Cir.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Stewart Jay 1977 1978 Harvard (1976) Hart (D.D.C.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Robinson B. Lacy 1978 1979 Harvard (1977) M. Pollack (S.D.N.Y.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Carter G. Phillips 1978 1979 Northwestern (1977) Sprecher (7th Cir.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Walter F. ("Jack") Pratt 1978 1979 Yale (1977) C. Clark (5th Cir.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Christopher G. Walsh, Jr. 1978 1979 NYU (1976) Bauer (7th Cir.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger W. Neil Eggleston 1979 1980 Northwestern (1978) Hunter (3d Cir.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Paul L. Shechtman 1979 1980 Harvard (1979) L. Pollak (E.D. Pa.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Michael J. Wahoske 1979 1980 Notre Dame (1979)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger John C. Ale 1980 1981 Virginia (1979) Tamm (D.C. Cir)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger John M. Coleman 1980 1981 Chicago (1979) Butzner (4th Cir.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger John E. Sexton 1980 1981 Harvard (1979) Bazelon (D.C. Cir) / Leventhal (D.C. Cir)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger James L. Volling 1980 1981 GW (1979) R. Robb (D.C. Cir)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger James D. Holzhauer 1981 1982 Michigan (1980) Ainsworth (5th Cir.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Judith A. McMorrow 1981 1982 Notre Dame (1980) Merritt (6th Cir.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Christopher J. Wright 1981 1982 Stanford (1980) Sneed (9th Cir.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Rochelle C. Dreyfuss 1982 1983 Columbia (1981) Feinberg (2d Cir.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Douglas B. Levene 1982 1983 Michigan (1981) Lombard (2d Cir.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Thomas B. Green 1982 1983 Utah (1980) McKay (10th Cir.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Daniel H. Foote 1982 1983 Harvard (1981) Gignoux (D. Me.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Mark B. Helm 1983 1984 Harvard (1982) McGowan (D.C. Cir)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Rebecca Hurley 1983 1984 SMU (1982) I. Goldberg (5th Cir.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Peter M. Lieb 1983 1984 Michigan (1982) Kearse (2d Cir.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger J. Michael Luttig 1983 1984 Virginia (1981) Scalia (D.C. Cir.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Ray W. Campbell 1984 1985 Virginia (1983) Wilkey (D.C. Cir)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Michael R. Lazerwitz 1984 1985 Chicago (1983) Friendly (2d Cir.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Wallace K. Lightsey 1984 1985 Harvard (1983) Wisdom (5th Cir.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Paul G. Cassell 1985 1986 Stanford (1984) Scalia (D.C. Cir.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Karl S. Coplan 1985 1986 Columbia (1984) Garth (3d Cir.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Timothy E. Flanigan 1985 1986 Virginia (1981) none
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Matthew M. Neumeier 1985 1986 Harvard (1984) J. C. Wallace (9th Cir.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Gene C. Schaerr (shared with Scalia) 1986 1987 Yale (1985) Starr (D.C. Cir)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger Bruce P. Brown 1986 1987 Georgia (1984) Tamm (D.C. Cir)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger (retired) Gregory S. Dovel (shared with Scalia) 1987 1988 Harvard (1986) J. C. Wallace (9th Cir.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger (retired) William K. Kelley (shared with Scalia) 1988 1989 Harvard (1987) Starr (D.C. Cir)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger (retired) Von G. Keetch (shared with Scalia) 1989 1990 BYU (1987) G. Pratt (2d Cir.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger (retired) Ashby D. Boyle, II (shared with O'Connor) 1990 1991 Columbia (1990) None
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger (retired) John E. Barry (shared with Kennedy) 1991 1992 Columbia (1985) L. Campbell (1st Cir.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger (retired) Karl M. Tilleman (shared with Thomas) 1992 1993 BYU (1990) J. Noonan (9th Cir.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger (retired) James E. Gauch (shared with Thomas) 1993 1994 Chicago (1989) D. A. Nelson (6th Cir.)
CJ 97 Warren E. Burger (retired) Eric A. Grant (shared with Thomas) 1994 1995 Berkeley (1990) E. Jones (5th Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist David G. Leitch 1986 1987 Virginia (1985) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist William R. Lindsay 1986 1987 Berkeley (1985) McGowan (D.C. Cir)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Laura E. Little 1986 1987 Temple (1985) Hunter (3d Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist J. Anthony Downs 1987 1988 Chicago (1986) Oakes (2d Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist R. Charles Miller 1987 1988 Penn (1985) S. Robinson (D.C. Cir)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist William L. Taylor 1987 1988 Yale (1986) Wisdom (5th Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Lindley J. Brenza 1988 1989 Chicago (1987) Easterbrook (7th Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Robert J. Giuffra, Jr. 1988 1989 Yale (1987) R. Winter (2d Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Melissa L. Saunders 1988 1989 Virginia (1987) J. D. Phillips (4th Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Steven M. Colloton 1989 1990 Yale (1988) Silberman (D.C. Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Barry P. McDonald 1989 1990 Northwestern (1988) Logan (10th Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist James K. Vines 1989 1990 Washington & Lee (1988) Merhige (E.D. Va.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Jeffrey L. Bleich 1990 1991 Berkeley (1989) Mikva (D.C. Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Bruce R. Braun 1990 1991 Virginia (1989) Flaum (7th Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Monica J. Wahl (Shaffer) 1990 1991 Chicago (1989) P. Higginbotham (5th Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Audrey J. Anderson 1991 1992 Michigan (1990) H. Greene (D.D.C.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Eric F. Scheuermann 1991 1992 Harvard (1990) J. C. Wallace (9th Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Ronald J. Tenpas 1991 1992 Virginia (1990) L. Pollak (E.D. Pa.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Gregory G. Garre 1992 1993 GW (1991) Scirica (3d Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Richard C. Pepperman, II 1992 1993 Penn (1990) Becker (3d Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Celestine J. Richards (McConville) 1992 1993 Georgetown (1991) C. Hall (9th Cir.) / Nugent (N.D. Ohio)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Landis C. Best 1993 1994 Duke (1992) Tilley (M.D.N.C.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Brian M. Morris 1993 1994 Stanford (1992) J. Noonan (9th Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist James E. Ryan 1993 1994 Virginia (1992) J. C. Wallace (9th Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Jody A. Manier (Kris) 1994 1995 Chicago (1993) S. Williams (D.C. Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Stephen M. Sargent 1994 1995 BYU (1993) Tacha (10th Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Paul J. Zidlicky 1994 1995 GW (1993) F. Magill (8th Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Eric R. Claeys 1995 1996 USC (1994) Brunetti (9th Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Shawn F. Fagan 1995 1996 Harvard (1994) D. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Courtney Simmons (Elwood) 1995 1996 Yale (1994) Luttig (4th Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist R. Ted Cruz 1996 1997 Harvard (1995) Luttig (4th Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Richard W. Garnett 1996 1997 Yale (1995) R. Arnold (8th Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist David H. Hoffman 1996 1997 Chicago (1995) Jacobs (2d Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist John P. Kelsh 1997 1998 Northwestern (1996) Sentelle (D.C. Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Matthew T. Martens 1997 1998 North Carolina (1996) Sentelle (D.C. Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Sarah O. Newland (Jorgensen) 1997 1998 Harvard (1995) Silberman (D.C. Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Christopher P. Bowers 1998 1999 Chicago (1997) Rymer (9th Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Neil M. Richards 1998 1999 Virginia (1997) Niemeyer (4th Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Robert G. Schaffer 1998 1999 Duke (1996) Tacha (10th Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Kevin R. Boyle 1999 2000 Arizona (1997) Brunetti (9th Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Jay T. Jorgensen 1999 2000 BYU (1997) Alito (3d Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Rosemarie K. ("Mo") Nixon (Blase) 1999 2000 Notre Dame (1998) Loken (8th Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Luke A. Sobota 2000 2001 Chicago (1999) Rymer (9th Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Mark T. Stancil 2000 2001 Virginia (1999) Ebel (10th Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Jocelyn E. Strauber (Gordon) 2000 2001 Duke (1998) Randolph (D.C. Cir)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Gregg Costa 2001 2002 Texas (1999) Randolph (D.C. Cir)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Heidi C. Doerhoff (Vollet) 2001 2002 Missouri (2000) Gibson (8th Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Brett H. McGurk 2001 2002 Columbia (1999) Jacobs (2d Cir.) / G. Lynch (S.D.N.Y.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Leah O. Brannon 2002 2003 Harvard (1999) D. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Andrew R. DeVooght 2002 2003 Illinois (2000) Kanne (7th Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Robert K. Hur 2002 2003 Stanford (2001) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Leon F. DeJulius 2003 2004 Notre Dame (2002) O'Scannlain (9th Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Courtney C. Gilligan (Saleski) 2003 2004 GW (2002) F. Magill (8th Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Aaron M. Streett 2003 2004 Texas (2002) Sentelle (D.C. Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Jeffrey L. Oldham 2004 2005 Northwestern (2003) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Julius N. Richardson 2004 2005 Chicago (2003) Posner (7th Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Ryan A. Shores 2004 2005 Virginia (2003) Ripple (7th Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Mark W. Mosier 2005 September 3, 2005 Chicago (2004) Tacha (10th Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Ann E. O'Connell 2005 September 3, 2005 GW (2004) F. Magill (8th Cir.)
CJ 100 William Rehnquist Michael S. Passaportis 2005 September 3, 2005 Virginia (2004) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Daniel P. Kearney, Jr. September 29, 2005 2006 Yale (2004) J. Roberts (D.C. Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Mark W. Mosier September 29, 2005 2006 Chicago (2004) Rehnquist / Tacha (10th Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Ann E. O'Connell September 29, 2005 2006 GW (2004) Rehnquist / F. Magill (8th Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Michael S. Passaportis September 29, 2005 2006 Virginia (2004) Rehnquist / Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Kosta Stojilkovic September 29, 2005 2006 Virginia (2004) J. Roberts (D.C. Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Felicia H. Ellsworth 2006 2007 Chicago (2005) Boudin (1st Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts George W. Hicks, Jr. 2006 2007 Harvard (2005) Janice R. Brown (D.C. Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Keenan D. Kmiec 2006 2007 Berkeley (2004) Sentelle (D.C. Cir.) / Alito (3d Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Paul J. Nathanson 2006 2007 Harvard (2004) Silberman (D.C. Cir.) / Niemeyer (4th Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Jason T. Burnette 2007 2008 Georgia (2006) R. L. Anderson (11th Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Joshua Hawley 2007 2008 Yale (2006) McConnell (10th Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Anton Metlitsky 2007 2008 Harvard (2005) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Erin Morrow (Hawley) 2007 2008 Yale (2005) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts William P. Baude 2008 2009 Yale (2007) McConnell (10th Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Jeffrey M. Harris 2008 2009 Harvard (2006) Sentelle (D.C. Cir.) / Silberman (D.C. Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Erin E. Murphy 2008 2009 Georgetown (2006) Sykes (7th Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Porter N. Wilkinson 2008 2009 Virginia (2007) Kavanaugh (D.C. Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Roman Martinez, V 2009 2010 Yale (2008) Kavanaugh (D.C. Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts James M. McDonald 2009 2010 Virginia (2007) Sutton (6th Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Stephen E. Sachs 2009 2010 Yale (2007) S. Williams (D.C. Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Erik R. Zimmerman 2009 2010 Stanford (2007) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Paul T. Crane, III 2010 2011 Virginia (2007) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Kate E. Heinzelman 2010 2011 Yale (2009) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Kathryn E. Tarbert 2010 2011 Vanderbilt (2005) D. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts David Zac ("Zac") Hudson 2010 2011 Yale (2009) Kavanaugh (D.C. Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Christoper J. DiPompeo 2011 2012 Penn (2009) Niemeyer (4th Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Frederick Liu 2011 2012 Yale (2008) O'Scannlain (9th Cir.) / Colloton (8th Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Colleen E. Roh 2011 2012 Harvard (2010) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Hagan C. Scotten 2011 2012 Harvard (2010) Kavanaugh (D.C. Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Caroline C. Edsall (Littleton) 2012 2013 Yale (2010) Kavanaugh (D.C. Cir.) / Brody (E.D. Pa.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Jonathan Y. Ellis 2012 2013 Penn (2010) Randolph (D.C. Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Sina Kian 2012 2013 Stanford (2010) Tatel (D.C. Cir.) / Griffith (D.C. Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Benjamin W. Snyder 2012 2013 Harvard (2011) Sutton (6th Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Morgan L. Goodspeed 2013 2014 Harvard (2012) Kavanaugh (D.C. Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Michael R. Huston 2013 2014 Michigan (2011) Kethledge (6th Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Judson O. Littleton 2013 2014 Texas (2008) Randolph (D.C. Cir)
CJ 109 John Roberts Matthew A. Shapiro 2013 2014 Yale (2012) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Kathryn McGlenn Cherry 2014 2015 Yale (2013) Kavanaugh (D.C. Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Christopher G. ("Chris") Michel 2014 2015 Yale (2013) Kavanaugh (D.C. Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Graham Phillips 2014 2015 Harvard (2013) Griffith (D.C. Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts G. Ryan Snyder 2014 2015 Notre Dame (2012) Kethledge (6th Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Jacob T. ("Jake") Brege 2015 2016 Michigan (2012) Sentelle (D.C. Cir.) / Boasberg (D.D.C.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Daniel J. Feith 2015 2016 Yale (2012) Griffith (D.C. Cir.)/Sullivan (S.D.N.Y.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Joseph B. ("Ben") Tyson, III 2015 2016 Virginia (2014) Srinivasan (D.C. Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Katherine Booth Wellington 2015 2016 Harvard (2013) Kavanaugh (D.C. Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Thomas S. Burnett 2016 Harvard (2014) Livingston (2nd Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Marguerite B. Colson 2016 Yale (2015) Kavanaugh (D.C. Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Rachel G. Miller-Ziegler 2016 Harvard (2015) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Conor M. Reardon 2016 Duke (2014) Cabranes (2d Cir.) / Chatigny (D. Conn.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Usha Chilukuri Vance 2017 Yale (2013) Thapar (E.D.K.Y.) / Kavanaugh (D.C. Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Charles S. ("Charlie") Dameron 2017 Yale (2015) Kethledge (6th Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Caroline A. Flynn 2017 Michigan (2013) Flaum (7th Cir.) / Srinivasan (D.C. Cir.)
CJ 109 John Roberts Aaron Rizkalla 2017 Harvard (2016) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
1 45 William Burnham Woods
1 49 Lucius Q. C. Lamar
1 54 Howell Edmunds Jackson Frederick E. Chapin August 8, 1895 GW-Columbian (1888)
1 56 Rufus Wheeler Peckham Jesse C. Ball 1895 1904
1 56 Rufus Wheeler Peckham John E. Hoover 1904 1905
1 56 Rufus Wheeler Peckham S. Edward Widdifield 1904 1909 Detroit (?) (c. 1898)
1 61 Horace Harmon Lurton Harvey D. ("Harry") Jacob 1910 1914 Georgetown (1913)
1 66 James Clark McReynolds Leroy E. Reed 1914 1915 Georgetown (1913)
1 66 James Clark McReynolds S. Milton Simpson 1915 1916 Georgetown (1913)
1 66 James Clark McReynolds Newman Blaine Mallan 1917 1918 Virginia (1916)
1 66 James Clark McReynolds T. Ellis Allison 1917 1918 Georgetown (1918) C. Smyth (D.C. Cir.)
1 66 James Clark McReynolds Harold L. George 1919 1920 Georgetown (1920)
1 66 James Clark McReynolds S. Milton Simpson 1919 1920 Georgetown (1913) McReynolds
1 66 James Clark McReynolds Carlyle Solomon Baer 1921 1922 none
1 66 James Clark McReynolds Tench T. Mayre 1921 1922 Georgetown (1911)
1 66 James Clark McReynolds Norman Burke Frost 1921 1922 Georgetown (1920)
1 66 James Clark McReynolds Andrew P. Federline 1922 1923
1 66 James Clark McReynolds Chester H. Gray 1926 1926 National (1925)
1 66 James Clark McReynolds John T. ("James") Fowler 1926 1931 Georgetown (1921)
1 66 James Clark McReynolds Maurice J. Mahoney 1927 1929 Georgetown (1925)
1 66 James Clark McReynolds Maurice J. Mahoney 1931 1934 Georgetown (1925)
1 66 James Clark McReynolds Ward Elgin Lattin 1934 1935 Georgetown (LLB 1932, JD 1937)
1 66 James Clark McReynolds J. Allan Sherier 1935 1936 Georgetown (1935)
1 66 James Clark McReynolds John Frush Knox 1936 1937 Northwestern University School of Law (JD 1934) / Harvard (LLM 1936) none
1 66 James Clark McReynolds John T. McHale 1937 1938 Georgetown (c. 1914, did not graduate) Van Devanter
1 66 James Clark McReynolds Milton S. Musser 1938 1940 GW (1938) N. Cayton (D.C. Municipal)
1 66 James Clark McReynolds Raymond W. Radcliffe 1940 1940 National (LLB 1941, LLM 1943)
1 81 James F. Byrnes James E. Doyle 1941 1942 Columbia (1940)
1 81 James F. Byrnes Victor Brudney 1942 October 3, 1942 (Byrnes resigned) Columbia (1940)
1 83 Wiley Blount Rutledge Victor Brudney February 1943 1944 Columbia (1940) Byrnes
1 83 Wiley Blount Rutledge Harry L. Shniderman 1944 1945 Harvard (1941)
1 83 Wiley Blount Rutledge Richard F. Wolfson 1946 1947 Yale (1944)
1 83 Wiley Blount Rutledge John Paul Stevens 1947 1948 Northwestern (1947) none
1 83 Wiley Blount Rutledge Stanley L. Temko 1947 1948 Columbia (1943) none
1 83 Wiley Blount Rutledge Louis H. Pollak 1948 1949 Yale (1948) none
1 83 Wiley Blount Rutledge Philip W. Tone 1948 1949 Iowa (1948) none
1 83 Wiley Blount Rutledge J. Keith Mann 1949 1949 Indiana (1949) none
1 87 Sherman Minton J. Keith Mann 1949 1950 Indiana (1949) Rutledge
1 87 Sherman Minton Lawrence Russell Taylor, Jr. 1949 1950 Indiana (1949) none
1 87 Sherman Minton Charles D. Kelso 1950 1951 Chicago (1950) none
1 87 Sherman Minton Abner J. Mikva 1951 1952 Chicago (1951) none
1 87 Sherman Minton Raymond W. Gray, Jr. 1951 1952 Indiana (1951) none
1 87 Sherman Minton William K. Bachelder 1952 1953 Northwestern (1951)
1 87 Sherman Minton Harry L. Wallace 1952 1953 Harvard (1952) none
1 87 Sherman Minton Gerald Levenberg 1953 1954 Indiana (1953) none
1 87 Sherman Minton James R. Wimmer 1953 1954 Yale (1953) none
1 87 Sherman Minton Thomas Milton Lofton 1954 1955 Indiana (1954) none
1 87 Sherman Minton Samuel Coles Butler 1954 1955 Harvard (1954) none
1 87 Sherman Minton Laurence Sherman Fordham 1954 1955 Harvard (1954) none
1 87 Sherman Minton Robert H. Cole 1955 1956 Harvard (1955) none
1 87 Sherman Minton Richard T. Conway 1955 1956 Indiana none
1 87 Sherman Minton Richard S. Rhodes 1956 1956 Indiana (1953) none
1 90 William Brennan Richard S. Rhodes 1956 1957 Indiana (1953) Minton
1 90 William Brennan Clyde A. Szuch 1956 1957 Harvard (1955) none
1 90 William Brennan Edward W. Keane 1957 1958 Harvard (1957) none
1 90 William Brennan Daniel J. O'Hern 1957 1958 Harvard (1957) none
1 90 William Brennan Peter M. Fishbein 1958 1959 Harvard (1958) none
1 90 William Brennan Dennis G. Lyons 1958 1960 Harvard (1955) none
1 90 William Brennan Jeffrey L. ("Jerry") Nagin 1959 1960 Harvard (1959) none
1 90 William Brennan Richard S. Arnold 1960 1961 Harvard (1960) none
1 90 William Brennan Daniel A. Rezneck 1960 1961 Harvard (1959) none
1 90 William Brennan Frank I. Michelman 1961 1962 Harvard (1960) none
1 90 William Brennan Roy A. Schotland 1961 1962 Harvard (1960) none
1 90 William Brennan Robert M. O'Neil 1962 1963 Harvard (1961) none
1 90 William Brennan Richard A. Posner[6] 1962 1963 Harvard (1962) none
1 90 William Brennan Stephen R. Barnett 1963 1964 Harvard (1962) Friendly (2d Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Stephen J. Friedman 1963 1964 Harvard (1962)
1 90 William Brennan S. Paul Posner 1964 1965 Harvard (1964) none
1 90 William Brennan William T. Finley, Jr. 1964 1965 Harvard (1964) none
1 90 William Brennan Owen M. Fiss 1965 1966 Harvard (1964) T. Marshall (2d Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Peter L. Strauss 1965 1966 Yale (1964) Bazelon (D.C. Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Stephen M. Goodman 1966 1967 Penn (1965) Bazelon (D.C. Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Abraham D. Sofaer 1966 1967 NYU (1965) J. S. Wright (D.C. Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Raymond C. Fisher 1967 1968 Stanford (1966) J. S. Wright (D.C. Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Francis M. Gregory, Jr. 1967 1968 Notre Dame (1966) McGowan (D.C. Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Joseph N. Onek 1968 1969 Yale (1967) Bazelon (D.C. Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Robert M. Weinberg 1968 1969 Michigan (1968) none
1 90 William Brennan Richard M. Cooper 1969 1970 Harvard (1969) none
1 90 William Brennan W. Taylor Reveley, III 1969 1970 Virginia (1968) none
1 90 William Brennan Douglas A. Poe (hired by Burger) 1969 1970 Duke (1967)
1 90 William Brennan Loftus E. Becker 1970 1971 Penn (1969) Bazelon (D.C. Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Richard Cotton 1970 1971 Yale (1969) J. S. Wright (D.C. Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Michael C. Moran 1970 1971 Detroit (1969) G. Edwards (6th Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan C. Taylor Ashworth (shared with Clark) 1971 1972 Texas (1971)
1 90 William Brennan Gerald Goldman 1971 1972 Harvard (1968)
1 90 William Brennan Paul R. Hoeber 1971 1972 Berkeley (1970) Browning (9th Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Edward R. Leahy 1972 1973 Boston College (1971) Aldisert (3d Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan William J. Maledon 1972 1973 Notre Dame (1972) none
1 90 William Brennan Gerald M. Rosberg 1972 1973 Harvard (1971) Bazelon (D.C. Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Geoffrey R. Stone 1972 1973 Chicago (1971) J. S. Wright (D.C. Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Thomas M. Jorde 1973 1974 Yale (1972) Weigel (N.D. Cal.)
1 90 William Brennan Lawrence B. Pedowitz 1973 1974 NYU (1972) Friendly (2d Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Jordan A. Luke 1973 1974 Penn (1972)
1 90 William Brennan Marsha S. Berzon 1974 1975 Berkeley (1973) Browning (9th Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Steven P. Goldberg 1974 1975 Yale (1973) Bazelon (D.C. Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Richard J. Bronstein 1975 1976 Chicago (1974) S. Robinson (D.C. Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Stanley C. Fickle 1975 1976 Indiana (1974) Eschbach (N.D. Ind.)
1 90 William Brennan Barry S. Simon 1975 1976 Harvard (1974) J. S. Wright (D.C. Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Alan B. Sternstein 1975 1976 Arizona (1975) Douglas
1 90 William Brennan Christopher R. Lipsett (shared with Reed, Marshall, Stewart and Blackmun) 1975 1976 Penn (1974) I. Goldberg (5th Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Robert B. Shanks 1976 1977 Virginia (1975) Tamm (D.C. Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan William A. Fletcher 1976 1977 Yale (1975) Weigel (N.D. Cal.)
1 90 William Brennan Stuart J. Baskin 1976 1977 Stanford (1975) Mansfield (2d Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Gerard E. Lynch 1976 1977 Columbia (1975) Feinberg (2d Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan David W. Carpenter 1977 1978 Boston University (1975) Coffin (1st Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Carmen D. Legato 1977 1978 Catholic (1976) Seitz (3d Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan F. Whitten Peters 1977 1978 Harvard (1976) J. S. Wright (D.C. Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Steven A. Reiss 1977 1978 Stanford (1976) Wisdom (5th Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Merrick B. Garland 1978 1979 Harvard (1977) Friendly (2d Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Robert C. Post 1978 1979 Yale (1977) Bazelon (D.C. Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Daniel M. Harris 1978 1979 Harvard (1977) Browning (9th Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Peter J. Busch 1978 1979 Virginia (1977) Coffin (1st Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan James R. Bird 1978 1979 Chicago (1977) J. S. Wright (D.C. Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Michael B. Chertoff 1979 1980 Harvard (1978) Gurfein (2d Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Jeffrey J. Rosen 1979 1980 Harvard (1978) J. S. Wright (D.C. Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Frederic D. Woocher 1979 1980 Stanford (1978) Bazelon (D.C. Cir)
1 90 William Brennan Jerold S. Kayden 1980 1981 Harvard (1979) Oakes (2d Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Michael W. McConnell 1980 1981 Chicago (1979) J. S. Wright (D.C. Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Michael Rubin 1980 1981 Georgetown (1977) Renfrew (N.D. Cal.) / Browning (9th Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Elliot E. Polebaum 1980 1981 NYU (1977) Oakes (2d Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Mark S. Campisano 1981 1982 Yale (1980) Feinberg (2d Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Clifton S. Elgarten 1981 1982 Cardozo (1979) L. Pollak (E.D. Pa.)
1 90 William Brennan Frederick C. Lowinger 1981 1982 Chicago (1980) J. S. Wright (D.C. Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Mary L. Mikva 1981 1982 Northwestern (1980) P. Marshall (N.D. Ill.)
1 90 William Brennan Perry Dane 1982 1983 Yale (1981) Bazelon (D.C. Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Edward J. Kelly, III 1982 1983 Virginia (1981) Haynsworth (4th Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan John H. Schapiro 1982 1983 Stanford (1981) J. S. Wright (D.C. Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Charles S. Treat 1982 1983 Chicago (1980) Wisdom (5th Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Jeffrey B. Kindler 1983 1984 Harvard (1980) Bazelon (D.C. Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Michael Klausner 1983 1984 Yale (1981) Bazelon (D.C. Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Bruce R. Lerner 1983 1984 Penn (1982) Mikva (D.C. Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan John F. Savarese 1983 1984 Harvard (1981) L. Pollak (E.D. Pa.)
1 90 William Brennan Charles G. Curtis, Jr. 1984 1985 Chicago (1982) Bazelon (D.C. Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan James A. Feldman 1984 1985 Harvard (1983) J. S. Wright (D.C. Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Michael D. Rips 1984 1985 GW (1982) Politz (5th Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Donald B. Verrilli 1984 1985 Columbia (1983) J. S. Wright (D.C. Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Rory K. Little (shared with Stewart, Powell, Stevens) 1984 1985 Yale (1982) Oberdorfer (D.D.C.)
1 90 William Brennan Marie R. Deveney 1985 1986 Michigan (1984) H. Edwards (D.C. Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Jay M. Fujitani 1985 1986 Berkeley (1984) Weigel (N.D. Cal.)
1 90 William Brennan Dean M. Hashimoto 1985 1986 Yale (1984) Bazelon (D.C. Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Larry B. Kramer 1985 1986 Chicago (1984) Friendly (2d Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Jeffrey T. Leeds 1985 1986 Harvard (1983) none
1 90 William Brennan Evan H. Caminker 1986 1987 Yale (1986) W. Norris (9th Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Mark E. Haddad 1986 1987 Yale (1985) L. Pollak (E.D. Pa.)
1 90 William Brennan Milton C. Regan, Jr. 1986 1987 Georgetown (1985) R. B. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Virginia A. Seitz (McLeese) 1986 1987 Buffalo (1985) H. Edwards (D.C. Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Einer R. Elhauge 1987 1988 Harvard (1986) W. Norris (9th Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Mark H. Epstein 1987 1988 Berkeley (1985) Weigel (N.D. Cal.) / Panelli (Cal.)
1 90 William Brennan Joseph R. Guerra 1987 1988 Georgetown (1985) J. Green (D.D.C.)
1 90 William Brennan E. Joshua Rosenkranz 1987 1988 Georgetown (1986) Scalia (D.C. Cir.) / S. Williams (D.C. Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Timothy S. Bishop 1988 1989 Northwestern (1985) Oakes (2d Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Lisa E. Heinzerling 1988 1989 Chicago (1987) Posner (7th Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan John M. West 1988 1989 Michigan (1987) H. Edwards (D.C. Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Eric P. Rakowski 1988 1989 Harvard (1987) H. Edwards (D.C. Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Nory Miller 1989 1990 Columbia (1988) Mikva (D.C. Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan Regina G. Maloney 1989 1990 Georgetown (1988)
1 90 William Brennan Jonathan S. Massey 1989 1990 Harvard (1988) Mikva (D.C. Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan James E. Castello 1990 1991 Berkeley (1986) Mikva (D.C. Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan (retired) Hugh W. Baxter (shared with Blackmun) 1991 1992 Stanford (1990) R. B. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan (retired) Julius Genachowski 1992 1993 Harvard (1991) Mikva (D.C. Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan (retired) Steven G. Krone (shared with Souter) 1993 1994 Chicago (1992) Mikva (D.C. Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan (retired) Lawrence A. Kasten (shared with Souter) 1994 1995 GW (1992) Schroeder (9th Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan (retired) Steven L. Chanenson (shared with Souter) 1995 1996 Chicago (1992) Kravitch (11th Cir.)
1 90 William Brennan (retired) Paul F. Washington (shared with Souter) 1996 1997 Fordham (1995) Tatel (D.C. Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Meir Feder 1990 1991 Harvard (1989) W. Norris (9th Cir.)
1 105 David Souter John J. Sullivan 1990 1991 Columbia (1985) Wisdom (5th Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Paul E. Salamanca 1990 1991 Boston College (1989) Souter (1st Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Peter J. Spiro 1990 1991 Virginia (1987) S. Williams (D.C. Cir.)
1 105 David Souter William D. Araiza 1991 1992 Yale (1990) W. Norris (9th Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Henk J. Brands 1991 1992 Columbia (1989) S. Breyer (1st Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Jonathan E. Nuechterlein 1991 1992 Yale (1990) S. Williams (D.C. Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Peter J. Rubin 1991 1993 Harvard (1988) Seitz (3d Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Robert F. Brauneis 1992 1993 Harvard (1989) S. Breyer (1st Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Steven M. Dunne 1992 1993 Stanford (1990) S. Williams (D.C. Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Mark L. Movsesian 1992 1993 Harvard (1988) H. Winter (4th Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Michael S. Barr 1993 1994 Yale (1992) Leval (S.D.N.Y.)
1 105 David Souter Julius Genachowski 1993 1994 Harvard (1991) Brennan
1 105 David Souter David T. Goldberg 1993 1994 Harvard (1991) R. B. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Steven G. Krone (shared with Brennan) 1993 1994 Chicago (1992) Mikva (D.C. Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Alison M. Tucher 1993 1994 Stanford (1992) W. Norris (9th Cir.)
1 105 David Souter H. Kent Greenfield 1994 1995 Chicago (1992) L. Campbell (1st Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Daniel H. Halberstam 1994 1995 Yale (1993) Wald (D.C. Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Riyaz A. Kanji 1994 1995 Yale (1991) B. Fletcher (9th Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Max I. Stier 1994 1995 Stanford (1992) Oakes (2d Cir.)
1 90 David Souter Lawrence A. Kasten (shared with Brennan) 1994 1995 GW (1992) Schroeder (9th Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Stuart M. Benjamin 1995 1996 Yale (1991) Canby (9th Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Steven L. Chanenson (shared with Brennan) 1995 1996 Chicago (1992) Kravitch (11th Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Heather K. Gerken 1995 1996 Michigan (1994) Reinhardt (9th Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Craig T. Goldblatt 1995 1996 Chicago (1993) Cudahy (7th Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Ernest A. Young 1995 1996 Harvard (1993) Boudin (1st Cir.)
1 105 David Souter William M. Hohengarten 1996 1997 Yale (1994) Newman (2d Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Ellen D. Katz 1996 1997 Yale (1994) J. A. W. Rogers (D.C. Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Gerald F. Leonard 1996 1997 Michigan (1995) J. D. Phillips (4th Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Timothy J. Simeone 1996 1997 Chicago (1994) Wald (D.C. Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Paul F. Washington (shared with Brennan) 1996 1997 Fordham (1995) Tatel (D.C. Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Thomas B. Colby 1997 1998 Harvard (1996) Calabresi (2d Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Deborah L. Hamilton 1997 1998 Michigan (1996) H. Edwards (D.C. Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Mary-Rose Papandrea 1997 1998 Chicago (1995) D. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.) / Koeltl (S.D.N.Y.)
1 105 David Souter Jonathan G. Cedarbaum 1998 1999 Yale (1996) Tatel (D.C. Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Nestor M. Davidson 1998 1999 Columbia (1997) Tatel (D.C. Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Noah R. Feldman 1998 1999 Yale (1997) H. Edwards (D.C. Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Catherine M. Sharkey 1998 1999 Yale (1997) Calabresi (2d Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Jay L. Koh 1999 2000 Yale (1998) Boudin (1st Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Benjamin L. Liebman 1999 2000 Harvard (1998) S. Lynch (1st Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Kermit Roosevelt III 1999 2000 Yale (1997) S. Williams (D.C. Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Rebecca L. Tushnet 1999 2000 Yale (1998) Becker (3d Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Kevin C. Newsom 2000 2001 Harvard (1997) O'Scannlain (9th Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Kenneth A. Bamberger 2000 2001 Harvard (1998) Kearse (2d Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Molly Shaffer Van Houweling 2000 2001 Harvard (1998) Boudin (1st Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Matthew C. Waxman 2000 2001 Yale (1998) Flaum (7th Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Benjamin Gruenstein 2001 2002 Harvard (1999) S. Williams (D.C. Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Thomas H. Lee 2001 2002 Harvard (2000) Boudin (1st Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Ann M. Lipton 2001 2002 Harvard (2000) Becker (3d Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Monica W. Rothbaum 2001 2002 NYU (1999) H. Edwards (D.C. Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Mark C. Fleming 2002 2003 Harvard (1997) Boudin (1st Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Jesse M. Furman 2002 2003 Yale (1998) Cabranes (2d Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Derek T. Ho 2002 2003 Harvard (2001) Boudin (1st Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Sarah L. Levine 2002 2003 Yale (2000) H. Edwards (D.C. Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Julian D. Mortenson 2003 2004 Stanford (2002) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Samuel J. Rascoff 2003 2004 Yale (2001) Leval (2d Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Jeannie C. Suk (Gerson) 2003 2004 Harvard (2002) H. Edwards (D.C. Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Gregory G. Rapawy 2003 2004 Harvard (2001) S. Lynch (1st Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Catherine M.A. Carroll 2004 2005 Michigan (2002) H. Edwards (D.C. Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Matthew S. Hellman 2004 2005 Harvard (2002) Boudin (1st Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Christine B. Van Aken 2004 2005 NYU (2002) Leval (2d Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Daniel S. Volchok 2004 2005 Harvard (2003) Tatel (D.C. Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Jeanne C. Fromer 2005 2006 Harvard (2002) Sack (2d Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Meaghan McLaine (VerGow) 2005 2006 Harvard (2004) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Jon D. Michaels 2005 2006 Yale (2003) Calabresi (2d Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Allison Orr (Larsen) 2005 2006 Virginia (2004) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Boris Bershteyn 2006 2007 Yale (2004) Cabranes (2d Cir.)
1 105 David Souter David S. Han 2006 2007 Harvard (2005) Boudin (1st Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Bryan W. Leach 2006 2007 Yale (2005) Cabranes (2d Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Daniel B. Tenny 2006 2007 Michigan (2005) Tatel (D.C. Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Bert I. Huang 2007 2008 Harvard (2003) Boudin (1st Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Leslie C. Kendrick 2007 2008 Virginia (2006) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Michael J. Mongan 2007 2008 Stanford (2006) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Micah W.J. Smith 2007 2008 Harvard (2006) Calabresi (2d Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Erin Delaney (Lenkner) 2008 2009 NYU (2007) Calabresi (2d Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Michael S. Gerber 2008 2009 Yale (2005) Leval (2d Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Warren D. Postman 2008 2009 Harvard (2007) W. Fletcher (9th Cir.)
1 105 David Souter Noah G. Purcell 2008 2009 Harvard (2007) Tatel (D.C. Cir.)
1 105 David Souter (retired) Thomas G. Pulham (shared with Breyer) 2009 2010 Yale (2004) Katzmann (2d Cir.) / Cote (S.D.N.Y.)
1 105 David Souter (retired) Brook Hopkins (shared with Breyer) 2010 2011 Harvard (2007) Reinhardt (9th Cir.)
1 105 David Souter (retired) Matthew J. Tokson (shared with Ginsburg) 2011 2012 Chicago (2008) Randolph (D.C. Cir.)
1 105 David Souter (retired) Anthony Vitarelli (shared with Breyer) 2012 2013 Yale (2009) Griffith (D.C. Cir.)
1 105 David Souter (retired) Ryan Park (shared with Ginsburg) 2013 2014 Harvard (2010) Katzmann (2d Cir.) / Rakoff (S.D.N.Y.)
1 105 David Souter (retired) Arpit K. Garg (shared with Breyer) 2014 2015 Yale (2012) Reinhardt (9th Cir.) / Cote (S.D.N.Y.)
1 105 David Souter (retired) Samuel P. ("Sam") Rothschild 2015 2016 Columbia (2013) Boudin (1st Cir.) / Cote (S.D.N.Y.)
1 105 David Souter (retired) Edwina B. Clarke 2016 Yale (2013) Reinhardt (9th Cir.) / Oetken (S.D.N.Y.) / Barron (1st Cir.)
1 111 Sonia Sotomayor Jeremy C. Marwell 2009 2010 NYU (2006) S. Williams (D.C. Cir.)
1 111 Sonia Sotomayor Eloise Pasachoff 2009 2010 Harvard (2004) Katzmann (2d Cir.) / Rakoff (S.D.N.Y.)
1 111 Sonia Sotomayor Lindsey E. Powell 2009 2010 Stanford (2007) Stevens / Garland (D.C. Cir.)
1 111 Sonia Sotomayor Robert M. Yablon 2009 2010 Yale (2006) R. B. Ginsburg / W. Fletcher (9th Cir.)
1 111 Sonia Sotomayor Kevin P. Arlyck 2010 2011 NYU (2008) Katzmann (2d Cir.)
1 111 Sonia Sotomayor Thomas S. Lue 2010 2011 Harvard (2005) Raggi (2d Cir.) / G. Lynch (S.D.N.Y.)
1 111 Sonia Sotomayor Abby M. Mollen 2010 2011 Northwestern (2008) Tatel (D.C. Cir.)
1 111 Sonia Sotomayor Amy M. Mason (Saharia) 2010 2011 Duke (2005) Newman (2d Cir.) / Chatigny (D. Conn.)
1 111 Sonia Sotomayor Kristen E. Eichensehr (shared with O'Connor) 2010 2011 Yale (2008) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
1 111 Sonia Sotomayor Michael E. Bern 2011 2012 Harvard (2008) McConnell (10th Cir.)
1 111 Sonia Sotomayor Mark A. Hiller 2011 2012 Virginia (2009) Sack (2d Cir.)
1 111 Sonia Sotomayor Daniel G. Habib 2011 2012 Yale (2010) W. Fletcher (9th Cir.)
1 111 Sonia Sotomayor Jane E. Kucera (Nitze) 2011 2012 Harvard (2008) Gorsuch (10th Cir.)
1 111 Sonia Sotomayor Candice Chiu (Wong) (shared with O'Connor) 2011 2012 Harvard (2008) Kavanaugh (D.C. Cir.)
1 111 Sonia Sotomayor Brian T. Burgess 2012 2013 NYU (2009) Tatel (D.C. Cir.) / Calabresi (2d Cir.)
1 111 Sonia Sotomayor Brian P. Goldman 2012 2013 Stanford (2010) Reinhardt (9th Cir.)
1 111 Sonia Sotomayor Scott S. Grinsell 2012 2013 Yale (2009) Pooler (2d Cir.)
1 111 Sonia Sotomayor Charlotte H. Taylor 2012 2013 NYU (2008) Katzmann (2d Cir.) / Rakoff (S.D.N.Y.)
1 111 Sonia Sotomayor Eduardo F. Bruera (shared with Stevens) 2012 2013 Cornell (2011) C. King (5th Cir.)
1 111 Sonia Sotomayor Fred O. Smith, Jr. 2013 2014 Stanford (2007) B. Parker (2d Cir.) / M. Thompson (M.D. Al.)
1 111 Sonia Sotomayor Sparkle L. Sooknanan (Downer) 2013 2014 Brooklyn (2010) Calabresi (2d Cir.) / Vitaliano (E.D.N.Y.)
1 111 Sonia Sotomayor Aaron Y. Tang 2013 2014 Stanford (2011) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
1 111 Sonia Sotomayor Daniel L. Winik 2013 2014 Yale (2011) Reinhardt (9th Cir.)
1 111 Sonia Sotomayor Charles L. ("Luke") McCloud 2014 2015 Harvard (2011) Kavanaugh (D.C. Cir.) / Niemeyer (4th Cir.)
1 111 Sonia Sotomayor Michael C. Pollack 2014 2015 NYU (2011) J.R. Brown (D.C. Cir.)
1 111 Sonia Sotomayor James R. Sigel 2014 2015 Harvard (2011) Tatel (D.C. Cir.) / Liu (Cal.) / Reinhardt (9th Cir.)
1 111 Sonia Sotomayor Jennifer B. Sokoler (Yerramalli) 2014 2015 Columbia (2010) Katzmann (2d Cir.) / Cote (S.D.N.Y.)
1 111 Sonia Sotomayor Easha Anand 2015 2016 Berkeley (2014) Watford (9th Cir.)
1 111 Sonia Sotomayor Nikolas ("Niko") Bowie 2015 2016 Harvard (2014) Sutton (6th Cir.)
1 111 Sonia Sotomayor Bridget A. Fahey 2015 2016 Yale (2014) Kavanaugh (D.C. Cir.)
1 111 Sonia Sotomayor Matthew R. ("Matt") Shahabian 2015 2016 NYU (2011) Katzmann (2d Cir.) / Rakoff (S.D.N.Y.)
1 111 Sonia Sotomayor Kirti Datla 2016 NYU (2012) Thapar (E.D.K.Y.) / Sutton (6th Cir.)
1 111 Sonia Sotomayor Alex Hemmer 2016 Yale (2014) W. Fletcher (9th Cir.) / Moss (D.D.C.)
1 111 Sonia Sotomayor Kamaile A. Nichols (Turčan) 2016 Hawaii (2008) Clifton (9th Cir.) / Ezra (D. Haw.)
1 111 Sonia Sotomayor Tiffany R. Wright 2016 Georgetown (2013) Lamberth (D.D.C.) / Tatel (D.C. Cir.)
1 111 Sonia Sotomayor Carmen G. Iguina 2017 NYU (2010) Matsumoto (E.D.N.Y.) / Reinhardt (9th Cir.)
1 111 Sonia Sotomayor Julie M. Veroff 2017 Yale (2015) Berzon (9th Cir.) / Boasberg (D.D.C.)
1 111 Sonia Sotomayor Raymond P. ("Ray") Tolentino 2017 Georgetown (2012) McKeown (9th Cir.) / Matsumoto (E.D.N.Y.) / Pillard (D.C. Cir.)
1 111 Sonia Sotomayor Elizabeth Graber Bentley 2017 Harvard (2013) Rakoff (S.D.N.Y.) / Katzmann (2d Cir.)
2 47 Horace Gray Thomas A. Russell 1882 1883 Harvard (1882)
2 47 Horace Gray William Schofield 1883 1885 Harvard (1883) none
2 47 Horace Gray Henry Eldridge Warner 1885 1886 Harvard (1885)
2 47 Horace Gray William H. Dunbar 1886 1887 Harvard (1886)
2 47 Horace Gray Edward Twisleton Cabot 1887 1888 Harvard (1886)
2 47 Horace Gray Samuel Williston 1888 1889 Harvard (1888) none
2 47 Horace Gray Blewett Harrison Lee 1889 1890 Harvard (1888)
2 47 Horace Gray Francis Richard Jones 1890 1891 Harvard (1890)
2 47 Horace Gray Ezra Ripley Thayer 1891 1892 Harvard (1891)
2 47 Horace Gray Moses Day Kimball 1892 1893 Harvard (1892)
2 47 Horace Gray James M. Newell 1892 1893 Harvard (1893)
2 47 Horace Gray Gordon Taylor Hughes 1894 1895 Harvard (1894)
2 47 Horace Gray Jeremiah Smith, Jr. 1895 1896 Harvard (1895)
2 47 Horace Gray Charles L. Barlow 1896 1897 Harvard (1896)
2 47 Horace Gray Robert Romans 1897 1898 Harvard (1894)
2 47 Horace Gray Roland Gray 1898 1899 Harvard (1898)
2 47 Horace Gray John Gorham Palfrey 1899 1900 Harvard (1899)
2 47 Horace Gray Joseph Warren 1900 1901 Harvard (1900)
2 47 Horace Gray Langdon Parker Marvin 1901 1902 Harvard (1901)
2 58 Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. Charles K. Poe 1903 1906 GW-Columbian (1905)
2 58 Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. Augustin Derby 1906 1907 Harvard (1906) none
2 58 Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. Howard Stockton, Jr. 1907 1908 Harvard (1907)
2 58 Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. Erland F. Fish 1908 1909 Harvard (1908)
2 58 Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. Leland B. Duer 1909 1910 Harvard (1909)
2 58 Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. Irving Sands Olds 1910 1911 Harvard (1910) none
2 58 Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. Francis B. Biddle 1911 1912 Harvard (1911) none
2 58 Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. Stanley Clarke 1912 1913 Harvard (1912)
2 58 Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. George L. Harrison 1913 1914 Harvard (1913)
2 58 Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. Harvey Hollister Bundy 1914 1915 Harvard (1914)
2 58 Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. Chauncey Belknap 1915 1916 Harvard (1915)
2 58 Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. Shelton Hale 1916 1917 Harvard (1916)
2 58 Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. Vaughn Miller 1917 1918 Harvard (1917)
2 58 Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. Lloyd H. Landau 1918 1919 Harvard (1918)
2 58 Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. Stanley Morrison 1919 1920 Harvard (1917)
2 58 Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. Day Kimball 1920 1921 Harvard (1920)
2 58 Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. Laurence Curtis 1921 1922 Harvard (1921) none
2 58 Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. Robert M. Benjamin 1922 1923 Harvard (1922)
2 58 Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. James M. Nicely 1923 1924 Harvard (1923)
2 58 Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. W. Barton Leach 1924 1925 Harvard (1924) none
2 58 Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. Charles Denby, Jr. 1925 1926 Harvard (1925)
2 58 Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. Thomas Gardiner Corcoran 1926 1927 Harvard (1926)
2 58 Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. Arthur E. Sutherland 1927 1928 Harvard (1925)
2 58 Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. John E. Lockwood 1928 1929 Harvard (1928)
2 58 Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. Alger Hiss 1929 1930 Harvard (1929) none
2 58 Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. Robert W. Wales 1930 1931 Harvard (1930)
2 58 Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. H. Chapman Rose 1931 1932 Harvard (1931)
2 58 Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. (retired) Donald Hiss 1932 1933 Harvard (1932)
2 58 Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. (retired) Mark DeWolfe Howe 1933 1934 Harvard (1933)
2 58 Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. (retired) James H. Rowe, Jr. 1934 1935 Harvard (1934)
2 75 Benjamin N. Cardozo Joseph M. Paley 1932 1932 Fordham (1921)
2 75 Benjamin N. Cardozo Melvin H. Siegel 1932 1933 Harvard (1932)
2 75 Benjamin N. Cardozo Ambrose Doskow 1933 1934 Columbia (1932) Ainsworth (5th Cir.)
2 75 Benjamin N. Cardozo Alan M. Stroock 1934 1936 Yale (1934)
2 75 Benjamin N. Cardozo Joseph L. Rauh, Jr. 1936 1938 Harvard (1935)
2 78 Felix Frankfurter Joseph L. Rauh, Jr. 1939 1939 Harvard (1935) Cardozo
2 78 Felix Frankfurter Adrian S. Fisher 1939 1940 Harvard (1937) Brandeis
2 78 Felix Frankfurter Edward F. Prichard, Jr. 1939 1940 Harvard (1938) none
2 78 Felix Frankfurter Philip L. Graham 1940 1941 Harvard (1939) S. F. Reed
2 78 Felix Frankfurter Philip Elman 1941 1943 Harvard (1939) Magruder (1st Cir.)
2 78 Felix Frankfurter Stanley M. Silverberg 1943 1944 Harvard (1942) L. Hand (2d Cir.)
2 78 Felix Frankfurter Harry K. Mansfield 1944 1945 Harvard (1943) Edgerton (D.C. Cir.)
2 78 Felix Frankfurter Philip B. Kurland 1945 1946 Harvard (1944) J. Frank (2d Cir.)
2 78 Felix Frankfurter Louis Henkin 1946 1947 Harvard (1940) L. Hand (2d Cir.)
2 78 Felix Frankfurter Irving J. Helman 1947 1948 Harvard (1942) Magruder (1st Cir.)
2 78 Felix Frankfurter Albert J. Rosenthal 1947 1948 Harvard (1941) Magruder (1st Cir.)
2 78 Felix Frankfurter William Thaddeus Coleman 1948 1949 Harvard (1946) Goodrich (3d Cir.)
2 78 Felix Frankfurter Elliot L. Richardson 1948 1949 Harvard (1947) L. Hand (2d Cir.)
2 78 Felix Frankfurter Albert M. Sacks 1949 1950 Harvard (1948) A. Hand (2d Cir.)
2 78 Felix Frankfurter Fred Norman Fishman 1949 1950 Harvard (1949) A. Hand (2d Cir.)
2 78 Felix Frankfurter Weaver White Dunnan 1950 1951 Harvard (1949) A. Hand (2d Cir.)
2 78 Felix Frankfurter Hugh Calkins 1950 1951 Harvard (1949) L. Hand (2d Cir.)
2 78 Felix Frankfurter Vincent L. McKusick 1951 1952 Harvard (1950) L. Hand (2d Cir.)
2 78 Felix Frankfurter Abram J. Chayes 1951 1952 Harvard (1949)
2 78 Felix Frankfurter Donald T. Trautman 1952 1953 Harvard (1951) none
2 78 Felix Frankfurter Alexander M. Bickel 1952 1953 Harvard (1952) none
2 78 Felix Frankfurter Frank E.A. Sander 1953 1954 Harvard (1952) Magruder (1st Cir.)
2 78 Felix Frankfurter James Vorenberg 1953 1954 Harvard (1951) none
2 78 Felix Frankfurter Andrew L. Kaufman 1954 1957 Harvard (1954) none
2 78 Felix Frankfurter E. Barrett Prettyman, Jr. 1954 1955 Virginia (1953) R. H. Jackson
2 78 Felix Frankfurter Matthew Gering Herold, Jr. 1954 1955 Harvard (1952)
2 78 Felix Frankfurter Richard E. Sherwood 1954 1955 Harvard (1952)
2 78 Felix Frankfurter Harry H. Wellington 1955 1956 Harvard (1952) Magruder (1st Cir.)
2 78 Felix Frankfurter Jerome A. Cohen 1956 1957 Yale (1955) Warren
2 78 Felix Frankfurter John H. Mansfield 1957 1958 Yale (1955) Traynor (California)
2 78 Felix Frankfurter J. William Doolittle 1957 1958 Harvard (1954)
2 78 Felix Frankfurter Richard N. Goodwin 1958 1959 Harvard (1958) none
2 78 Felix Frankfurter Howard I. Kalodner 1958 1959 Harvard (1957) J. Sloane (PA CP6)
2 78 Felix Frankfurter Paul Bender 1959 1960 Harvard (1957) L. Hand (2d Cir.)
2 78 Felix Frankfurter Morton M. Winston 1959 1960 Harvard (1958)
2 78 Felix Frankfurter Anthony G. Amsterdam 1960 1961 Penn (1960) none
2 78 Felix Frankfurter John D. French 1960 1961 Harvard (1960) none
2 78 Felix Frankfurter Daniel Mayers 1960 1961 Harvard (1960) none
2 78 Felix Frankfurter Roland Stevens ("Robin") Homet, Jr. 1961 1962 Harvard (1961)
2 78 Felix Frankfurter David P. Currie 1961 1962 Harvard (1960) Friendly (2d Cir.)
2 94 Arthur Goldberg David Filvaroff (hired by Frankfurter) 1962 1963 Harvard (1958)
2 94 Arthur Goldberg Peter B. Edelman (hired by Frankfurter) 1962 1963 Harvard (1961) Friendly (2d Cir.)
2 94 Arthur Goldberg Alan M. Dershowitz 1963 1964 Yale (1962) Bazelon (D.C. Cir.)
2 94 Arthur Goldberg Lee B. McTurnan 1963 1964 Chicago (1963) none
2 94 Arthur Goldberg Stephen G. Breyer 1964 1965 Harvard (1964) none
2 94 Arthur Goldberg Stephen Goldstein 1964 1965 Penn (1962) none
2 95 Abe Fortas John Griffiths 1965 1967 Yale (1965)
2 95 Abe Fortas Daniel P. Levitt 1965 1967 Harvard (1964) Weinfeld (S.D.N.Y.)
2 95 Abe Fortas H. David Rosenbloom 1967 1968 Harvard (1966) none
2 95 Abe Fortas Peter L. Zimroth 1967 1968 Yale (1966) Bazelon (D.C. Cir.)
2 95 Abe Fortas Martha A. Field (Alschuler) (Boudin) 1968 1969 Chicago (1968) none
2 95 Abe Fortas Walter B. Slocombe 1968 1969 Harvard (1968) none
2 98 Harry Blackmun Daniel B. Edelman 1970 1971 Harvard (1969) Blackmun (8th Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Robert E. Gooding, Jr. 1970 1971 Michigan (1969) Schaefer (Ill.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Michel A. LaFond 1970 1972 American (1970) none
2 98 Harry Blackmun George T. Frampton, Jr. 1971 1972 Harvard (1969)
2 98 Harry Blackmun John Townsend Rich 1971 1972 Yale (1969) Bazelon (D.C. Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Randall P. Bezanson 1972 1973 Iowa (1971) R. Robb (D.C. Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Ralph I. Miller 1972 1973 Texas (1972) none
2 98 Harry Blackmun James W. Ziglar 1972 1973 GW (1972) none
2 98 Harry Blackmun James J. Knicely 1973 1974 Harvard (1972) R. Robb (D.C. Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Robert I. Richter 1973 1974 Chicago (1972) I. Goldberg (5th Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Benjamin S. Sharp 1973 1974 Penn State (1973)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Richard Blumenthal 1974 1975 Yale (1974) none
2 98 Harry Blackmun Karen Nelson Moore 1974 1975 Harvard (1973) Wilkey (D.C. Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun David Allan Gates, III 1974 1975 Vanderbilt (1972) Mehaffy (8th Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Christopher R. Lipsett (shared with Reed, Brennan, Marshall and Stewart) 1975 1976 Penn (1974) I. Goldberg (5th Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun William H. Block 1975 1977 Chicago (1974) McGowan (D.C. Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Donna M. Murasky (Dean) 1975 1976 Chicago (1972) (6th Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun David C. Patterson 1975 1976 Harvard (1974) McGowan (D.C. Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Richard A. Meserve 1976 1977 Harvard (1975) Kaplan (Mass.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Richard K. Willard 1976 1977 Harvard (1975) A. Kennedy (9th Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Diane Pamela Wood 1976 1977 Texas (1975) I. Goldberg (5th Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Keith P. Ellison 1977 1978 Yale (1976) J. S. Wright (D.C. Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Michael S. Sundermeyer 1977 1978 Virginia (1976) Wisdom (5th Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Ruth N. Glushien (Wedgwood) 1977 1978 Yale (1976) Friendly (2d Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Charlotte Crane 1977 1978 Michigan (1976) McCree (6th Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Albert G. Lauber 1978 1979 Yale (1977) Wilkey (D.C. Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun William A. McDaniel 1978 1979 Virginia (1977) Seitz (3d Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Thomas W. Merrill 1978 1979 Chicago (1977) Bazelon (D.C. Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Luther T. Munford 1978 1979 Virginia (1976) Roney (5th Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Dan T. Coenen 1979 1980 Cornell (1978) Haynsworth (4th Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Penda D. Hair 1979 1980 Harvard (1978) Feinberg (2d Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun William J. Murphy 1979 1980 Penn (1978) Seitz (3d Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Mark C. Rahdert 1979 1980 Yale (1978) Gurfein (2d Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun James J. Brudney 1980 1981 Yale (1979) Gesell (D.D.C.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Susan G. Lahne 1980 1981 Virginia (1979) Butzner (4th Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun John P. Dean 1980 1981 Columbia (1979)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Bruce C. Swartz 1980 1981 Yale (1979) Feinberg (2d Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Frank S. Holleman III 1981 1982 Harvard (1979) H. Winter (4th Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun M. Kathleen ("Kit") Kinports 1981 1982 Penn (1980) Mikva (D.C. Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Harold Hongju Koh 1981 1982 Harvard (1980) Wilkey (D.C. Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Charles A. Rothfeld 1981 1982 Chicago (1980) S. Robinson (D.C. Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Alan S. Madans 1982 1983 Duke (1981) Oakes (2d Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun David W. Ogden 1982 1983 Harvard (1981) Sofaer (S.D.N.Y.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Cory Streisinger 1982 1983 Stanford (1980) B. Fletcher (9th Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun David E. Van Zandt 1982 1983 Yale (1981) Leval (S.D.N.Y.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Richard A. Bartlett 1983 1984 Yale (1982) Bazelon (D.C. Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Scott R. McIntosh 1983 1984 Harvard (1982) S. Breyer (1st Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Elizabeth G. Taylor 1983 1984 Virginia (1982) Coffin (1st Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Vicki Been 1984 1985 NYU (1983) Weinfeld (S.D.N.Y.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Donald Francis Donovan 1984 1985 Stanford (1981) Sofaer (S.D.N.Y.) / Farris (9th Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Mark D. Schneider 1984 1985 Columbia (1983) Oakes (2d Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Robert A. Green 1984 1985 Georgetown (1983) H. Edwards (D.C. Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Beth R. Heifetz 1985 1986 NYU (1983) Mikva (D.C. Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Pamela S. Karlan 1985 1986 Yale (1984) Sofaer (S.D.N.Y.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Helane L. Morrison 1985 1986 Berkeley (1984) Posner (7th Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun David A. Sklansky 1985 1986 Harvard (1984) Mikva (D.C. Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Beth S. Brinkmann 1986 1987 Yale (1985) Kravitch (11th Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Ellen E. Deason 1986 1987 Michigan (1985) Edwards (D.C. Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Chai Rachel Feldblum 1986 1987 Harvard (1985) Coffin (1st Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Emily Buss 1987 1988 Yale (1986) L. Pollak (E.D. Pa.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Ann M. Kappler 1987 1988 NYU (1986) Mikva (D.C. Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Danny Ertel 1987 1988 Harvard (1986) Wald (D.C. Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Alan C. Michaels 1987 1988 Columbia (1986) Feinberg (2d Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Edward B. Foley 1988 1989 Columbia (1986) P. Wald (D.C. Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Kevin M. Kearney 1988 1989 Emory (1987) J. Oakes (2d Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Edward Lazarus 1988 1989 Yale (1987) W. Norris (9th Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Deborah C. Malamud 1988 1989 Chicago (1986) L. Pollak (E.D. Pa.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Vikram D. Amar 1989 1990 Yale (1988) W. Norris (9th Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Anne P. Dupre 1989 1990 Georgia (1988) Edmondson (11th Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Martha A. Matthews 1989 1990 Berkeley (1987) S. Breyer (1st Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Malcolm L. Stewart 1989 1990 Yale (1988) Wald (D.C. Circuit)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Ann Alpers 1990 1991 Stanford (1989) W. Norris (9th Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Lynn E. Blais 1990 1991 Harvard (1988) Justice (E.D. Tex.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Michael A. Conley 1990 1991 Boston University (1989) Mikva (D.C. Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Alan Jenkins 1990 1991 Harvard (1989) R. Carter (S.D.N.Y.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Jeffrey A. Meyer 1991 1992 Yale (1991) Oakes (2d Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Stephanie A.J. Dangel 1991 1992 Yale (1991) Leval (S.D.N.Y.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Molly McUsic 1991 1992 Harvard (1989) D. W. Nelson (9th Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Andrea Nervi Ward 1991 1992 Chicago (1990) Mikva (D.C. Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Sherry F. Colb 1992 1993 Harvard (1991) Feinberg (2d Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun William S. Dodge 1992 1993 Yale (1991) W. Norris (9th Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Geoffrey M. Klineberg 1992 1993 Yale (1990) Wald (D.C. Cir.) / Cabranes (D. Conn.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Andrew H. Schapiro 1992 1993 Harvard (1990) Posner (7th Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Radhika Rao (shared with Marshall) 1992 1993 Harvard (1990) Cudahy (7th Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Hugh W. Baxter (shared with Brennan) 1993 1994 Stanford (1990) R. B. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Michelle L. Alexander 1993 1994 Stanford (1992) Mikva (D.C. Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Sarah H. Cleveland 1993 1994 Yale (1992) Oberdorfer (D.D.C.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun Ann Hubbard (Bilionis) 1993 1994 Duke (1992) Wald (D.C. Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun J. Paul Oetken 1993 1994 Yale (1991) Cudahy (7th Cir.) / Oberdorfer (D.D.C.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun (retired) Paul H. Schwartz (shared with Breyer) 1994 1995 North Carolina (1992) Kravitch (11th Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun (retired) Michael J. Wishnie (shared with Breyer) 1995 1996 Yale (1993) Sarokin (3d Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun (retired) Cecillia D. Wang (shared with Breyer) 1996 1997 Yale (1995) W. Norris (9th Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun (retired) Laura A. Dickinson (shared with Breyer) 1997 1998 Yale (1996) D. W. Nelson (9th Cir.)
2 98 Harry Blackmun (retired) Clare Huntington (shared with Breyer) 1998 1999 Columbia (1996) Garland (D.C. Cir.) / Cote (S.D.N.Y.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Henk J. Brands 1994 1995 Columbia (1990) Souter / S. Breyer (1st Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Lisa Schultz (Bressman) 1994 1995 Chicago (1993) Cabranes (D. Conn.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Deanne E. Maynard 1994 1995 Harvard (1991) Powell / S. Harris (D.D.C.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Jonathan T. Molot 1994 1995 Harvard (1992) S. Breyer (1st Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Paul H. Schwartz (shared with Blackmun) 1994 1995 North Carolina (1992) Kravitch (11th Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Yochai Benkler 1995 1996 Harvard (1994) none
2 108 Stephen Breyer Jennifer G. ("Jenny") Newstead 1995 1996 Yale (1994) Silberman (D.C. Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Kevin K. Russell 1995 1996 Yale (1994) W. Norris (9th Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Michael J. Wishnie (shared with Blackmun) 1995 1996 Yale (1993) Sarokin (3d Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Neal K. Katyal 1996 1997 Yale (1995) Calabresi (2d Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Robin Ann Lenhardt (Crawley) 1996 1997 Harvard (1995) Bownes (1st Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Aaron M. Panner 1996 1997 Harvard (1995) Boudin (1st Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Carolyn Shapiro 1996 1997 Chicago (1995) Posner (7th Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Cecillia D. Wang (shared with Blackmun) 1996 1997 Yale (1995) W. Norris (9th Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Rachel A. Harmon 1997 1998 Yale (1996) Calabresi (2d Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Theodore W. Ruger 1997 1998 Harvard (1995) Boudin (1st Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Caitlin Halligan 1997 1998 Georgetown (1995) Wald (D.C. Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Laura A. Dickinson (shared with Blackmun) 1997 1998 Yale (1996) D. W. Nelson (9th Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Linda T. Coberly 1998 1999 Michigan (1995) D. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Robert N. Hochman 1998 1999 Chicago (1997) Posner (7th Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Jennifer S. ("Jenny") Martinez 1998 1999 Harvard (1997) Calabresi (2d Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Colin S. Stretch 1998 1999 Harvard (1996) Silberman (D.C. Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Clare Huntington (shared with Blackmun) 1998 1999 Columbia (1996) Garland (D.C. Cir.) / Cote (S.D.N.Y.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Erin Glenn (Busby) 1999 2000 Harvard (1998) Boudin (1st Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Marc E. Isserles 1999 2000 Harvard (1998) Silberman (D.C. Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Ketanji Brown Jackson 1999 2000 Harvard (1996) Selya (1st Cir.) / Saris (D. Mass.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Tim Wu 1999 2000 Harvard (1998) Posner (7th Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Danielle M. Spinelli 2000 2001 Harvard (1999) Calabresi (2d Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Stacey M. Leyton 2000 2001 Stanford (1998) Reinhardt (9th Cir.) / Illston (N.D. Cal.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Russell K. Robinson 2000 2001 Harvard (1998) D. W. Nelson (9th Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Alexander A. Reinert 2000 2001 NYU (1999) H. Edwards (D.C. Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Vince Chhabria 2001 2002 Berkeley (1998) Browning (9th Cir.) / C. Breyer (N.D. Cal.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Risa L. Goluboff 2001 2002 Yale (2000) Calabresi (2d Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Mirah A. Horowitz 2001 2002 Duke (2000) Wardlaw (9th Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Michael E. Leiter 2001 2002 Harvard (2000) Boudin (1st Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Priya Aiyar 2002 2003 Yale (2001) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer John M. Golden 2002 2003 Harvard (2000) Boudin (1st Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Maritza U.B. Okata 2002 2003 Yale (2000) Calabresi (2d Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Anne K. Small 2002 2003 Harvard (2001) Calabresi (2d Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Ariela M. Migdal 2003 2004 NYU (2001) H. Edwards (D.C. Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Pratik A. Shah 2003 2004 Berkeley (2001) W. Fletcher (9th Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Alexandra M. Walsh 2003 2004 Stanford (2001) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Davis J. Wang 2003 2004 Harvard (2002) Boudin (1st Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Christina Duffy-Ponsa (Burnett) 2004 2005 Yale (1998) Cabranes (2d Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer James P. Dowden 2004 2005 Boston College (2000) Scirica (3d Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Aimee A. Feinberg 2004 2005 Stanford (2002) Tatel (D.C. Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Jacob J. Sullivan 2004 2005 Yale (2003) Calabresi (2d Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Danielle C. Gray 2005 2006 Harvard (2003) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Kathryn E. Judge 2005 2006 Stanford (2004) Posner (7th Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Jonathan Kravis 2005 2006 Yale (2004) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer John H. Longwell 2005 2006 Georgia (1999) D. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.) / V. Walker (N.D. Cal.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Jaren Elizabeth Casazza (Janghorbani) 2006 2007 Columbia (2004) Jacobs (2d Cir.) / K. Wood (S.D.N.Y.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Tacy F. Flint 2006 2007 Chicago (2004) Posner (7th Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Stephen L. Shackelford, Jr. 2006 2007 Harvard (2005) Boudin (1st Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Thiruvendran (“Thiru") Vignarajah 2006 2007 Harvard (2005) Calabresi (2d Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Justin Driver (shared with O'Connor) 2006 2007 Harvard (2004) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Michael S. Bosworth 2007 2008 Yale (2003) Katzmann (2d Cir.) / Rakoff (S.D.N.Y.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Karen L. Dunn (Netter) 2007 2008 Yale (2006) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Eric J. Feigin 2007 2008 Stanford (2005) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Philippa M. Scarlett 2007 2008 Columbia (2003) A. Williams (7th Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Brianne J. Gorod 2008 2009 Yale (2005) Katzmann (2d Cir.) / Rakoff (S.D.N.Y.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Seth Grossman 2008 2009 Yale (2005) Calabresi (2d Cir.) / Reinhardt (9th Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Aileen M. McGrath 2008 2009 Harvard (2007) Boudin (1st Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Matthew E. Price 2008 2009 Harvard (2006) Boudin (1st Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Andrew M. Crespo 2009 2010 Harvard (2008) Reinhardt (9th Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Bessie N. Dewar 2009 2010 Yale (2006) W. Fletcher (9th Cir.) / L. Pollak (E.D. Pa.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Chris C. Fonzone 2009 2010 Harvard (2007) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Jennifer H.J. Nou 2009 2010 Yale (2008) Posner (7th Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Thomas G. Pulham (shared with Souter) 2009 2010 Yale (2004) Katzmann (2d Cir.) / Cote (S.D.N.Y.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Erika L. Myers 2010 2011 Stanford (2008) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Brian D. Netter 2010 2011 Yale (2006) J. A. W. Rogers (D.C. Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Natalie R. Ram 2010 2011 Yale (2008) Calabresi (2d Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer David M. Zionts 2010 2011 Harvard (2008) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Brook Hopkins (shared with Souter]) 2010 2011 Harvard (2007) Reinhardt (9th Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Rachel S. Bloomekatz 2011 2012 UCLA (2008) Calabresi (2d Cir.) / Marshall (Mass.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Jonathan A. Bressler 2011 2012 Harvard (2010) Boudin (1st Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Andrew F. Dawson 2011 2012 Stanford (2008) W. Fletcher (9th Cir.) / C. Breyer (N.D. Cal.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Rebecca A. Stone 2011 2012 NYU (2009) Posner (7th Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Kwaku Akowuah 2012 2013 Harvard (2004) Katzmann (2d Cir.) / Garaufis (E.D.N.Y.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Emily Rebecca Gantt 2012 2013 Virginia (2011) Boudin (1st Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Joshua Geltzer 2012 2013 Yale (2011) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Susannah Landes (Weaver) 2012 2013 Georgetown (2008) Katzmann (2d Cir.) / H. Kennedy (D.D.C.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Anthony Vitarelli (shared with Souter) 2012 2013 Yale (2009) Griffith (D.C. Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Mark Savignac 2013 2014 Harvard (2011) Posner (7th Cir.) / Feinerman (N.D. Ill.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Thomas Schmidt 2013 2014 Yale (2011) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Julia Fong Sheketoff 2013 2014 NYU (2010) Sentelle (D.C. Cir.) / Gleeson (E.D.N.Y.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Sara Aronchick Solow 2013 2014 Yale (2011) Scirica (3d Cir.) / Baylson (E.D. Pa.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Julia A. Malkina (shared with O'Connor) 2013 2014 Yale (2011) Kavanaugh (D.C. Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Ilana B. Gelfman 2014 2015 Yale (2009) Katzmann (2d Cir.) / Woodlock (D. Mass.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Michael Gervais 2014 2015 Yale (2011) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Aaron W. Scherzer 2014 2015 Yale (2010) Reinhardt (9th Cir.) / Rakoff (S.D.N.Y.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Kendall K.A. Turner 2014 2015 Stanford (2013) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Arpit K. Garg (shared with Souter) 2014 2015 Yale (2012) Reinhardt (9th Cir.) / Cote (S.D.N.Y.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Galen B. Bascom 2015 2016 Virginia (2013) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Tejas N. Narechania 2015 2016 Columbia (2011) Wood (7th Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Aaron D. Pennekamp 2015 2016 Georgetown (2013) Sutton (6th Cir./Bates (D.D.C.))
2 108 Stephen Breyer Farah F. Peterson (Sokoloff) 2015 2016 Yale (2012) Calabresi (2nd Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Denise L. Drake 2016 Stanford (2013) P. Higginbotham (5th Cir.) / C. Breyer (N.D. Cal.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Daniel E. Herz-Roiphe 2016 Yale (2015) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Brian M. Richardson 2016 Yale (2011) Rakoff (S.D.N.Y.) / Katzmann (2d Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Rachel G. Shalev 2016 Yale (2014) W. Fletcher (9th Cir.) / Pillard (D.C. Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Cynthia A. ("Cyndi") Barmore 2017 Stanford (2015) Griffith (D.C. Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Margaret ("Maggie") Goodlander 2017 Yale (2016) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer David R. Fox 2017 GW (2012) Barron (1st Cir.)
2 108 Stephen Breyer Carlton E. Forbes 2017 Yale (2014) Lohier (2d Cir.) / Pillard (D.C. Cir.)
3 36 Samuel Freeman Miller Noble E. Dawson 1885?
3 36 Samuel Freeman Miller Irvine D. York 1885 1889
3 52 Henry Billings Brown A. B. Hall 1890 1896
3 60 William Henry Moody Sheldon Eaton Wardwell 1907 1908 Harvard (1907)
3 60 William Henry Moody John A. Kratz, Jr. 1909?
3 60 William Henry Moody Charles Wilson 1910
3 64 Joseph Rucker Lamar S. Edward Widdifield 1910 1912 Detroit (?) (c. 1898) R. W. Peckham
3 64 Joseph Rucker Lamar John E. Hoover 1912 1916 Harlan I / R. W. Peckham
3 67 Louis Brandeis Calvert Magruder 1916 1917 Harvard (1916) none
3 67 Louis Brandeis Dean G. Acheson 1919 1921 Harvard (1918) none
3 67 Louis Brandeis William A. Sutherland 1921 1923 Harvard (1917) none
3 67 Louis Brandeis William G. Rice, Jr. 1921 1922 Harvard (1920) none
3 67 Louis Brandeis William McCurdy 1922 1923 Harvard (1922) none
3 67 Louis Brandeis Samuel H. Maslon 1923 1924 Harvard (1923) none
3 67 Louis Brandeis Warren Stilson Ege 1924 1925 Harvard (1924) none
3 67 Louis Brandeis James M. Landis 1925 1926 Harvard (1924) none
3 67 Louis Brandeis Robert G. Page 1926 1927 Harvard (1925) none
3 67 Louis Brandeis Henry J. Friendly 1927 1928 Harvard (1927) none
3 67 Louis Brandeis Irving B. Goldsmith 1928 1929 Harvard (LLB 1926, SJD 1927) none
3 67 Louis Brandeis Louis Levanthal Jaffe 1928 1931 (or 1933–34) Harvard (LLB 1928, SJD 1932) none
3 67 Louis Brandeis Harry Shulman 1929 1934 Harvard (1926)
3 67 Louis Brandeis H. Thomas Austern 1930 1931 Harvard (1929)
3 67 Louis Brandeis Henry M. Hart, Jr. 1931 1932 Harvard (1930)
3 67 Louis Brandeis Paul A. Freund 1932 1933 Harvard (1932)
3 67 Louis Brandeis Nathaniel L. Nathanson 1934 1935 Harvard (1933) Mack (2d Cir.)
3 67 Louis Brandeis David Riesman 1935 1936 Harvard (1934) none
3 67 Louis Brandeis James Willard Hurst 1935 1937 Harvard (1935) none
3 67 Louis Brandeis W. Graham Claytor, Jr. 1937 1938 Harvard (1936) L. Hand (2d Cir.)
3 67 Louis Brandeis Adrian S. Fisher 1938 1939 Harvard (1937)
3 79 William O. Douglas C. David Ginsburg 1939 1940 Harvard (1935) none
3 79 William O. Douglas Stanley C. Soderland 1939 1940 Washington (1939) none
3 79 William O. Douglas Walter B. Chaffee 1941 1942 Berkeley (1940) none
3 79 William O. Douglas Vern Countryman 1942 1943 Washington (1942) none
3 79 William O. Douglas Eugene E. Beyer, Jr. 1943 1944 Yale (1943)
3 79 William O. Douglas Lucile Lomen 1944 1945 Washington (1944) none
3 79 William O. Douglas Donald R. Colvin 1945 1946 Washington (1945) none
3 79 William O. Douglas J. Roger Wollenberg 1946 1947 Berkeley (1942) none
3 79 William O. Douglas Stanley E. Sparrowe 1947 1948 Berkeley (1946)
3 79 William O. Douglas Gary J. Torre 1948 1949 Berkeley (1948) none
3 79 William O. Douglas Warren M. Christopher 1949 1950 Stanford (1949) none
3 79 William O. Douglas John G. Burnett 1950 1951 Yale (1950) none
3 79 William O. Douglas Hans A. Linde 1950 1951 Berkeley (1950) none
3 79 William O. Douglas Marshall L. Small 1951 1952 Stanford (1951) none
3 79 William O. Douglas Charles E. Ares 1952 1953 Arizona (1952) none
3 79 William O. Douglas James F. Crafts, Jr. 1953 1954 Stanford (1953) none
3 79 William O. Douglas Harvey M. Grossman 1954 1955 UCLA (1954)
3 79 William O. Douglas William A. Norris 1955 1956 Stanford (1954) none
3 79 William O. Douglas William Cohen 1956 1957 UCLA (1956) none
3 79 William O. Douglas Charles E. Rickerhauser, Jr. 1957 1958 UCLA (1957) none
3 79 William O. Douglas Charles A. Miller 1958 1959 Berkeley (1958) none
3 79 William O. Douglas Steven B. Duke 1959 1960 Arizona (1959) none
3 79 William O. Douglas Bernard E. Jacob 1960 1961 Berkeley (1960) none
3 79 William O. Douglas Thomas J. Klitgaard 1961 1962 Berkeley (1961) none
3 79 William O. Douglas Jared G. Carter 1962 1963 Stanford (1962) none
3 79 William O. Douglas Evan L. Schwab 1963 1964 Washington (1963)
3 79 William O. Douglas James S. Campbell 1964 1965 Stanford (1964)
3 79 William O. Douglas Jerome B. Falk, Jr. 1965 1966 Berkeley (1965) none
3 79 William O. Douglas Lewis B. Merrifield, III 1966 1967 USC (1966)
3 79 William O. Douglas William A. Reppy, Jr. 1967 1968 Stanford (1966) Peters (Cal.)
3 79 William O. Douglas Carl J. ("Kim") Seneker II 1967 1968 Berkeley (1967) none
3 79 William O. Douglas Peter Westen 1968 1969 Berkeley (1968) none
3 79 William O. Douglas Thomas C. Armitage 1969 1970 UCLA (1969)
3 79 William O. Douglas Dennis C. Brown 1970 1971 UCLA (1970) none
3 79 William O. Douglas Lucas A. ("Scot") Powe, Jr. 1970 1971 Washington (1968)
3 79 William O. Douglas William H. Alsup 1971 1972 Harvard (1971) none
3 79 William O. Douglas Richard L. Jacobson 1971 1972 USC (1970) Ely (9th Cir.)
3 79 William O. Douglas Kenneth R. Reed 1971 1972 Arizona (1971) none
3 79 William O. Douglas Carol S. Bruch 1972 1973 Berkeley (1972) none
3 79 William O. Douglas Peter M. Kreindler 1972 1973 Harvard (1971) I. Kaufman (2d Cir.)
3 79 William O. Douglas Janet L. Meik (Wright) 1972 1973 USC (1972) none
3 79 William O. Douglas Ira M. Ellman 1973 1974 Berkeley (1973) none
3 79 William O. Douglas Richard W. Benka 1973 1974 Harvard (1973) none
3 79 William O. Douglas Michael Clutter 1973 1974 USC (1973) none
3 79 William O. Douglas Alan K. Austin 1974 1975 Stanford (1974)
3 79 William O. Douglas Donald E. Kelley 1974 1975 Stanford (1973) Leventhal (D.C. Cir.)
3 79 William O. Douglas Jay Kelly Wright 1974 1975 Harvard (1973) Peckham (N.D. Calf.)
3 79 William O. Douglas Alan B. Sternstein 1975 November 12, 1975 Arizona (1975) none
3 79 William O. Douglas George A. Rutherglen (shared with Stevens) 1975 1976 Berkeley (1974) J. C. Wallace (9th Cir.)
3 79 William O. Douglas (retired) Dennis J. Hutchinson 1976 1977 Texas (1974) B. White / Tuttle (1st Cir.)
3 79 William O. Douglas (retired) Montana J. Podva 1977 1980 McGeorge (1977)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Sharon Baldwin 1975 1976 Chicago (1975) Stevens (7th Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Charles ("Skip") Paul 1975 1976 Santa Clara (1975)
3 101 John Paul Stevens George A. Rutherglen (shared with Douglas) 1975 1976 Berkeley (1974) J. C. Wallace (9th Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Daniel A. Farber 1976 1977 Illinois (1975) Tone (7th Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Francis S. Blake 1976 1977 Columbia (1976) Feinberg (2d Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Gregory D. Huffaker, Jr. 1976 1977 Harvard (1976)
3 101 John Paul Stevens David V. Kirby 1976 1977 Northwestern (1975) Sprecher (7th Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Stewart A. Baker 1977 1978 UCLA (1976) Coffin (1st Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens John E. Muench 1977 1978 Northwestern (1976) Sprecher (7th Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Susan R. Estrich 1978 1979 Harvard (1977) J. S. Wright (D.C. Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens James S. Liebman 1978 1979 Stanford (1977) McGowan (D.C. Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Peter D. Isakoff 1979 1980 Columbia (1978) Feinberg (2d Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Michele L. Odorizzi 1979 1980 Chicago (1976) Tone (7th Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Jeffrey R. Tone 1980 1981 Illinois (1978) P. Marshall (N.D. Ill.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Constantine L. ("Connie") Trela, Jr. 1980 1981 Northwestern (1979) Sprecher (7th Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens David W. DeBruin 1981 1982 Michigan (1980) H. Edwards (D.C. Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Matthew J. Verschelden 1981 1982 Virginia (1980) Haynsworth (4th Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Carol F. Lee 1982 1983 Yale (1981) J. S. Wright (D.C. Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Jeffrey S. Lehman 1982 1983 Michigan (1981) Coffin (1st Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Lawrence E. Rosenthal 1983 1984 Harvard (1982) P. Marshall (N.D. Ill.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens John R. Schaibley, III 1983 1984 Indiana (1981) Eschbach (7th Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Richard B. Kapnick 1984 1985 Chicago (1983) Simon (Ill.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens James E. McCollum 1984 1985 Howard (1983) Pierce (2d Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Rory K. Little (shared with Brennan, Stewart, Powell) 1984 1985 Yale (1982) Oberdorfer (D.D.C.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Stephen J. Marzen 1985 1986 Harvard (1984) Wilkey (D.C. Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Clifford M. Sloan 1985 1986 Harvard (1984) J. S. Wright (D.C. Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Ronald D. Lee 1986 1987 Yale (1985) Mikva (D.C. Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Lawrence C. Marshall 1986 1987 Northwestern (1985) Wald (D.C. Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Teresa Wynn (Roseborough) 1987 1988 North Carolina (1985) J. D. Phillips (4th Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Abner S. Greene 1987 1989 Michigan (1986) Wald (D.C. Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Diane Marie Amann 1988 1989 Northwestern (1986) P. Marshall (N.D. Ill.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Lewis J. Liman 1988 1989 Yale (1987) Leval (S.D.N.Y.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Randolph D. Moss 1988 1989 Yale (1986) Leval (S.D.N.Y.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Marina C. Hsieh 1989 1990 Berkeley (1988) L. Pollak (E.D. Pa.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Christopher Eisgruber 1989 1990 Chicago (1988) P. Higginbotham (5th Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Preeta D. Bansal 1990 1991 Harvard (1989) Oakes (2d Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Matthew D. Roberts 1990 1991 Harvard (1989) R. B. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Nancy S. Marder 1990 1992 Yale (1987) W. Norris (9th Cir.) / Sand (S.D.N.Y.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Robert A. Schapiro 1991 1992 Yale (1990) Leval (S.D.N.Y.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Kathleen Moriarty (Mueller) 1991 1992 Northwestern (1990) Wald (D.C. Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Stephen R. Reily 1991 1992 Stanford (1990) Wisdom (5th Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Pamela A. Harris (Schlick) 1992 1993 Yale (1990) H. Edwards (D.C. Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Peter M. Yu 1992 1993 Harvard (1991) Wald (D.C. Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Douglas A. Winthrop[4] 1992 1993 Minnesota (1991) Wald (D.C. Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Sean H. Donahue 1993 1994 Chicago (1992) R. B. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Daniel M. Klerman 1993 1994 Chicago (1991) Posner (7th Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Corinne Beckwith Yates 1993 1994 Michigan (1992) Cudahy (7th Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Ian Heath Gershengorn 1994 1995 Harvard (1993) Kearse (2d Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Gregory P. Magarian 1994 1995 Michigan (1993) Oberdorfer (D.D.C.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Craig D. Singer 1994 1995 Chicago (1993) Mikva (D.C. Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens James J. Benjamin (shared with Powell) 1994 1995 Virginia (1990) J. F. Motz (D. Md.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens David J. Barron 1995 1996 Harvard (1994) Reinhardt (9th Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Jeffrey C. Dobbins 1995 1996 Duke (1994) Tatel (D.C. Cir.) / Mikva (D.C. Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Eileen M. Mullen 1995 1996 Stanford (1993)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Mark David Harris (shared with Powell) 1995 1996 Harvard (1992) Flaum (7th Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Melissa R. Hart 1996 1997 Harvard (1995) Calabresi (2d Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Olatunde Johnson 1996 1997 Stanford (1995) Tatel (D.C. Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Jonathan E. Levitsky 1996 1997 Yale (1995) Leval (2d Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens John L. Flynn (shared with White) 1996 1997 Georgetown (1995) Becker (3d Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Elizabeth A. Cavanagh 1997 1998 Yale (1995) Oberdorfer (D.D.C.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens David S. Friedman 1997 1998 Harvard (1996) Boudin (1st Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Christopher J. Meade 1997 1998 NYU (1996) H. Edwards (D.C. Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Benjamin A. Powell (shared with White) 1997 1998 Columbia (1996) J. M. Walker (2d Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Jeffrey L. Fisher 1998 1999 Michigan (1997) Reinhardt (9th Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Allison A. Marston (Danner) 1998 1999 Stanford (1997) J. Noonan (9th Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Adam M. Samaha 1998 1999 Harvard (1996) A. Keith (Minn.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens J. Brett Busby (shared with White) 1999 2000 Columbia (1998) Tjoflat (11th Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Deborah N. Pearlstein 1999 2000 Harvard (1998) Boudin (1st Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Joshua P. Waldman 1999 2000 Columbia (1998) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Sonja R. West 1999 2000 Chicago (1998) D. W. Nelson (9th Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Eduardo Peñalver 2000 2001 Yale (1999) Calabresi (2d Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Andrew M. Siegel 2000 2001 NYU (1999) Leval (2d Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Joseph T. Thai (shared with White) 2000 2001 Harvard (1998) Ebel (10th Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Anne M. Voigts 2000 2001 Columbia (1999) Reinhardt (9th Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Kathleen R. Hartnett (Gilbert) 2001 2002 Harvard (2000) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Alison J. Nathan 2001 2002 Cornell (2000) B. Fletcher (9th Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Edward N. Siskel 2001 2002 Chicago (2000) D. W. Nelson (9th Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Troy A. McKenzie 2002 2003 NYU (2000) Leval (2d Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Eric R. Olson 2002 2003 Michigan (2000) H. Edwards (D.C. Cir.) / Heyburn (W.D. Ky.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Kathryn A. Watts 2002 2003 Northwestern (2001) Randolph (D.C. Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Amy J. Wildermuth 2002 2003 Illinois (1998) Calabresi (2d Cir.) / H. Edwards (D.C. Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Leondra Kruger 2003 2004 Yale (2001) Tatel (D.C. Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Amanda Cohen Leiter 2003 2004 Harvard (2000) Tatel (D.C. Cir.) / Gertner (D. Mass.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Margaret H. Lemos 2003 2004 NYU (2001) Lipez (1st Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Benjamin C. Mizer 2003 2004 Michigan (2002) J. Rogers(D.C. Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Melissa B. Arbus 2004 2005 Virginia (2003) D. Motz (4th Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Roberto J. Gonzalez 2004 2005 Stanford (2003) Calabresi (2d Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Michael J. Gottlieb 2004 2005 Harvard (2003) Reinhardt (9th Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Daniel J. Powell 2004 2005 Chicago (2003) W. Fletcher (9th Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Jean Galbraith (Tobacman) 2005 2006 Berkeley (2004) Tatel (D.C. Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Daniel J. Lenerz 2005 2006 Stanford (2002) S. Williams (D.C. Cir.) / Thompson (M.D. Ala.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Sarah Eddy McCallum 2005 2006 Georgetown (2002) J. M. Walker (2d Cir.) / Rakoff (S.D.N.Y.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Samuel Spital 2005 2006 Harvard (2004) H. Edwards (D.C. Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Nicholas J. Bagley 2006 2007 NYU (2005) Tatel (D.C. Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Chad I. Golder 2006 2007 Yale (2005) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Jamal K. Greene 2006 2007 Yale (2005) Calabresi (2d Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Lauren D. Sudeall 2006 2007 Harvard (2005) Reinhardt (9th Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Todd J. Gluth 2007 2008 Berkeley (2005) W. Fletcher (9th Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Sara J. Klein 2007 2008 Cardozo (2005) Lifland (D.N.J.) / Barry (3d Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Katherine ("Kate") Shaw 2007 2008 Northwestern (2006) Posner (7th Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Abby C. Wright 2007 2008 Penn (2006) Boudin (1st Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Jessica Bulman(-Pozen) 2008 2009 Yale (2007) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Cecelia M. Klingele 2008 2009 Wisconsin (2005) S. Black (11th Cir.) / Crabb (W.D. Wis.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Lindsey Powell 2008 2009 Stanford (2007) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Andre Damian ("Damian") Williams 2008 2009 Yale (2007) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Hyland Hunt 2009 2010 Michigan (2008) D. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Adam C. Jed 2009 2010 Harvard (2008) Calabresi (2d Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens Merritt E. McAlister 2009 2010 Georgia (2007) R. L. Anderson (11th Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens David E. Pozen 2009 2010 Yale (2007) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens (retired) Samuel T. C. ("Sam") Erman (shared with Kennedy) 2010 2011 Michigan (2007) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens (retired) Dina B. Mishra (shared with Kennedy) 2011 2012 Yale (2009) Boudin (1st Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens (retired) Eduardo F. Bruera (shared with Sotomayor) 2012 2013 Cornell (2011) C. King (5th Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens (retired) Aaron Zelinsky (shared with Kennedy) 2013 2014 Yale (2010) Griffith (D.C. Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens (retired) Travis M. Crum (shared with Kennedy) 2014 2015 Yale (2011) Tatel (D.C. Cir.) / Thompson (M.D. Ala.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens (retired) Gillian S. Grossman 2015 2016 Harvard (2014) Kavanaugh (D.C. Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens (retired) Teresa A. Reed 2016 Stanford (2015) Millett (D.C. Cir.)
3 101 John Paul Stevens (retired) Donald L.R. Goodson 2017 NYU (2013) Nathan (S.D.N.Y.) / Katzmann (2d Cir.)
3 112 Elena Kagan Trisha B. Anderson (Newman) 2010 2011 Harvard (2003) Sutton (6th Cir.)
3 112 Elena Kagan Andrew M. Crespo 2010 2011 Harvard (2008) Breyer / Reinhardt (9th Cir.)
3 112 Elena Kagan Allon S.I. Kedem 2010 2011 Yale (2005) Kennedy / Leval (2d Cir.) / Kravitz (D. Conn.)
3 112 Elena Kagan Elizabeth Barchas Prelogar 2010 2011 Harvard (2008) R. B. Ginsburg / Garland (D.C. Cir.)
3 112 Elena Kagan Jeffrey R. Johnson 2011 2012 Harvard (2010) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
3 112 Elena Kagan Rakesh N. Kilaru 2011 2012 Stanford (2010) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
3 112 Elena Kagan Erica L. Ross 2011 2012 Stanford (2009) Tatel (D.C. Cir.)
3 112 Elena Kagan Jonathan P. Schneller 2011 2012 Harvard (2010) Reinhardt (9th Cir.)
3 112 Elena Kagan Samantha ("Sam") Bateman (Kilaru) 2012 2013 Stanford (2010) Brinkema (E.D. Va.) / Garland (D.C. Cir.)
3 112 Elena Kagan Brad N. Garcia 2012 2013 Harvard (2011) Griffith (D.C. Cir.)
3 112 Elena Kagan Zachary C. Schauf 2012 2013 Harvard (2011) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
3 112 Elena Kagan David R. Zimmer 2012 2013 Harvard (2010) W. Fletcher (9th Cir.)
3 112 Elena Kagan Eric F. Citron (shared with O'Connor) 2012 2013 Yale (2007) Robertson (D.D.C.) / Tatel (D.C. Cir.)
3 112 Elena Kagan Sophia M. Brill 2013 2014 Yale (2011) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
3 112 Elena Kagan Ian M. Fein 2013 2014 Berkeley (2011) W. Fletcher (9th Cir.) / J. Rogers (D.C. Cir.)
3 112 Elena Kagan Jason C. Murray 2013 2014 Harvard (2011) Gorsuch (10th Cir.)
3 112 Elena Kagan Mitchell P. Reich 2013 2014 Harvard (2012) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
3 112 Elena Kagan William K. ("Will") Dreher 2014 2015 Harvard (2013) Kavanaugh (D.C. Cir.)
3 112 Elena Kagan Daniel J. Hemel 2014 2015 Yale (2012) Srinivasan (D.C. Cir.) / Boudin (1st Cir.)
3 112 Elena Kagan Amanda K. Rice (Savit) 2014 2015 Harvard (2011) Tatel (D.C. Cir.) / Boasberg (D.D.C.)
3 112 Elena Kagan Elizabeth W.C. Wilkins (Lake) 2014 2015 Yale (2013) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
3 112 Elena Kagan Yaria S. Dubin 2015 2016 Harvard (2013) Srinivasan (D.C. Cir.)/Boasberg (D.D.C.)
3 112 Elena Kagan Jeremy G. Feigenbaum 2015 2016 Harvard (2014) Fletcher (9th Cir.)
3 112 Elena Kagan Thomas K. Fu 2015 2016 Stanford (2014) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
3 112 Elena Kagan Jonathan S. Meltzer 2015 2016 Yale (2013) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
3 112 Elena Kagan Elizabeth A. Bewley 2016 Harvard (2015) Griffith (D.C. Cir.)
3 112 Elena Kagan Gerard J. Cedrone 2016 Harvard (2014) Gorsuch (10th Cir.)
3 112 Elena Kagan Benjamin M. Eidelson 2016 Yale (2014) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
3 112 Elena Kagan Elizabeth L. Henthorne 2016 Georgetown (2014) G. Woods (S.D.N.Y.) / Srinivasan (D.C. Cir.)
3 112 Elena Kagan A. Zoe Bedell 2017 Harvard (2016) Kavanaugh (D.C. Cir.)
3 112 Elena Kagan Lena Husani (Hughes) 2017 Columbia (2012) Cote (S.D.N.Y.) / G. Lynch (S.D.N.Y.)
3 112 Elena Kagan Jeremy Kreisberg 2017 Harvard (2014) Reinhardt (9th Cir.)
3 112 Elena Kagan Ephraim McDowell 2017 Harvard (2016) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
4 48 Samuel Blatchford
4 55 Edward Douglass White
4 63 Willis Van Devanter Richard E. Repath 1910 1911 Devanter (8th Cir.)
4 63 Willis Van Devanter Frederick H. Barclay 1911 1913 Columbian-GW (1901)
4 63 Willis Van Devanter Mahlon D. Kiefer 1914 1922 National (LLB 1907, LLM 1909)
4 63 Willis Van Devanter George Howland Chase III 1923 1924 Harvard (1923)
4 63 Willis Van Devanter James W. Yokum 1923 1925 Georgetown (did not graduate)
4 63 Willis Van Devanter J. Arthur Mattson 1924 1928 Georgetown (1924)
4 63 Willis Van Devanter John T. McHale 1926 1937 Georgetown (c. 1914, did not graduate)
4 76 Hugo Black Jerome A. ("Buddy") Cooper 1937 1940 Harvard (1936)
4 76 Hugo Black Chris J. Dixie 1937 1938 Texas (1936)
4 76 Hugo Black Marx Leva 1940 1941 Harvard (1940)
4 76 Hugo Black Maxwell ("Max") Isenbergh 1941 1942 Harvard (1938–39)
4 76 Hugo Black John Paul Frank 1942 1943 Wisconsin (LLB 1940) / Yale (SJD 1947) none
4 76 Hugo Black Charles F. Luce 1943 1944 Yale (1942) none
4 76 Hugo Black Sidney M. Davis 1944 1945 Chicago (1943) J. Frank (2d Cir.)
4 76 Hugo Black David Haber 1945 1946 Yale (1944) C.E. Clark (2d Cir.)
4 76 Hugo Black Louis F. Oberdorfer 1946 1947 Yale (1946) none
4 76 Hugo Black William Joslin 1947 1948 Columbia (1947) none
4 76 Hugo Black Truman M. Hobbs 1948 1949 Yale (1948) none
4 76 Hugo Black Frank M. Wozencraft 1949 1950 Yale (1949) none
4 76 Hugo Black George M. Treister 1950 1951 Yale (1949) P. Gibson (Cal.)
4 76 Hugo Black Luther L. Hill, Jr. 1950 1951 Harvard (1950) none
4 76 Hugo Black Neal P. Rutledge 1951 1952 Yale (1950) Fahy (D.C. Cir.)
4 76 Hugo Black Carroll Samuel ("C. Sam") Daniels 1951 1952 Columbia (1951)
4 76 Hugo Black Huey Blair Howerton, Jr. 1951 1952 Mississippi (1946)
4 76 Hugo Black Charles A. Reich 1953 1954 Yale (1952) none
4 76 Hugo Black David J. Vann 1953 1954 Alabama (1951)
4 76 Hugo Black Daniel J. Meador 1954 1955 Harvard (1954)
4 76 Hugo Black James W. H. Stewart [7] 1954 1955 Washington and Lee University (LLB 1952) Harvard (LLM 1953)
4 76 Hugo Black J. Vernon Patrick 1955 1956 Harvard (1955)
4 76 Hugo Black Harold Anson Ward, III 1955 1956 Chicago (1955)
4 76 Hugo Black George C. Freeman, Jr. 1956 1957 Yale (1956)
4 76 Hugo Black Robert A. Girard 1956 1957 Harvard (1956)
4 76 Hugo Black David M. Clark 1957 1959 NYU (1957)
4 76 Hugo Black Guido Calabresi 1958 1959 Yale (1958) none
4 76 Hugo Black Robert T. Basseches 1958 1959 Yale (1958) Bazelon (D.C. Cir)
4 76 Hugo Black Nicholas Johnson 1959 1960 Texas (1956) John R. Brown (5th Cir.)
4 76 Hugo Black John K. McNulty 1959 1960 Yale (1959) none
4 76 Hugo Black Lawrence Wallace 1960 1961 Columbia (1959) none
4 76 Hugo Black George Lawton Saunders, Jr. 1960 1962 Chicago (1959) Rives (5th Cir.)
4 76 Hugo Black Floyd F. Feeney 1961 1962 NYU (1960) none
4 76 Hugo Black A.E. Dick Howard 1962 1964 Virginia (1961) none
4 76 Hugo Black Clay C. Long 1962 1963 Harvard (1962) none
4 76 Hugo Black John G. Kester 1963 1965 Harvard (1963) none
4 76 Hugo Black James Little North 1964 1965 Virginia (1964) none
4 76 Hugo Black Drayton Nabers, Jr. 1965 1966 Yale (1965) none
4 76 Hugo Black John W. Vardaman 1965 1966 Harvard (1965) none
4 76 Hugo Black Margaret J. Corcoran 1966 1967 Harvard (1965)
4 76 Hugo Black Stephen D. Susman 1966 1967 Texas (1965) John R. Brown (5th Cir.)
4 76 Hugo Black Joseph H. Price 1967 1968 Harvard (1964) none
4 76 Hugo Black Stephen J. Schulhofer 1967 1969 Harvard (1967) none
4 76 Hugo Black Walter E. Dellinger, III 1968 1969 Yale (1966) none
4 76 Hugo Black Kenneth C. Bass, III 1969 1970 Yale (1969) none
4 76 Hugo Black James Gustave Speth 1969 1970 Yale (1969) none
4 76 Hugo Black George Marshall Moriarty (hired by Burger, shared with White, Stewart, Burger) 1969 1970 Harvard (1968) Aldrich (1st Cir.)
4 76 Hugo Black John M. Harmon 1970 1971 Duke (1969) G. Bell (5th Cir.)
4 76 Hugo Black Robert B. McKaw 1970 1971 Virginia (1970)
4 76 Hugo Black Robert W. (“Bob”) Spearman 1970 1971 Yale (1970)
4 76 Hugo Black Lawrence A. ("Larry") Hammond 1971 September 17, 1971 Texas (1970) McGowan (D.C. Cir.)
4 76 Hugo Black Covert E. Parnell, III 1971 September 17, 1971 Harvard (1970) Van Dusen (3d Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Hamilton P. Fox, III January 7, 1972 July 1972 Yale (1970) Coffin (1st Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Covert E. Parnell, III January 7, 1972 July 1972 Harvard (1970) Black
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. J. Harvie Wilkinson, III January 7, 1972 1973 Virginia (1972) none
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Lawrence A. ("Larry") Hammond January 7, 1972 1973 Texas (1970) Powell / Black / McGowan (D.C. Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. William C. Kelly, Jr. 1972 1973 Yale (1971) Coffin (1st Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. John J. Buckley, Jr. 1973 1974 Chicago (1972) Wisdom (5th Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. John C. Jeffries, Jr. 1973 1974 Virginia (1973) none
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Jack B. Owens 1973 1974 Stanford (1970) Hamley (9th Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. David R. Boyd 1974 1975 Virginia (1973) McGowan (D.C. Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Julia Penny Clark 1974 1975 Texas (1973) Craven (4th Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Joel I. Klein 1974 1975 Harvard (1971) Bazelon (D.C. Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Ronald G. Carr 1974 1975 Chicago (1973) Bazelon (D.C. Cir)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Gregory K. Palm 1975 1976 Harvard (1974) Friendly (2d Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Carl R. Schenker, Jr. 1975 1976 Stanford (1974) Hufstedler (9th Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Christina B. Whitman 1975 1976 Michigan (1974) Leventhal (D.C. Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. J. Phillip Jordan 1975 1976 Virginia (1974) Craven (4th Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Tyler A. Baker, III 1976 1977 Stanford (1975) Renfrew (N.D. Cal.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. David A. Martin 1976 1977 Yale (1975) J. S. Wright (D.C. Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Charles C. Ames 1976 1977 Virginia (1975) L. Campbell (1st Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Eugene J. Comey 1976 1977 Chicago (1975) McGowan (D.C. Cir)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. James D. Alt 1977 1978 Chicago (1976) L. Morgan (5th Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Nancy J. Bregstein (Gordon) 1977 1978 Penn (1976) ? (2d Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Robert D. Comfort 1977 1978 Harvard (1976) Hunter (3d Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Samuel Estreicher 1977 1978 Columbia (1975) Leventhal (D.C. Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Eric G. Andersen 1978 1979 BYU (1977) J. C. Wallace (9th Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. J. Bruce Boisture 1978 1979 Yale (1977) Gurfein (2d Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Paul B. Stephan, III 1978 1979 Virginia (1977) L. Campbell (1st Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. David L. Westin 1978 1979 Michigan (1977) Lumbard (2d Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Jonathan B. Sallet 1979 1980 Virginia (1978) Tamm (D.C. Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. David O. Stewart 1979 1980 Yale (1978) J. S. Wright (D.C. Cir.) / Bazelon (D.C. Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Gregory E. May 1979 1980 Harvard (1978) Butzner (4th Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Mary Ellen ("Ellen") Richey 1979 1980 Stanford (1978) Renfrew (N.D. Cal.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. J. Peter Byrne 1980 1981 Virginia (1979) Coffin (1st Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Paul W. Cane, Jr. 1980 1981 Berkeley (1979) McGowan (D.C. Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. R. Gregory E. Morgan 1980 1981 Michigan (1979) J. Edward Lumbard (2d Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Paul M. Smith 1980 1981 Yale (1979) Oakes (2d Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Mary E. Becker 1981 1982 Chicago (1980) Mikva (D.C. Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Richard H. Fallon, Jr. 1981 1982 Yale (1980) J. S. Wright (D.C. Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. David F. Levi 1981 1982 Stanford (1980) Duniway (9th Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. John S. Wiley, Jr. 1981 1982 Berkeley (1980) Coffin (1st Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. James O. Browning 1982 1983 Virginia (1981) Seitz (3d Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. D. Rives Kistler 1982 1983 Georgetown (1981) C. Clark (5th Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Mark E. Newell 1982 1983 Harvard (1981) Wilkey (D.C. Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Michael F. Sturley 1982 1983 Yale (1981) Kearse (2d Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. David A. Charny 1983 1984 Harvard (1982) Wilkey (D.C. Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Robert M. Couch 1983 1984 Washington & Lee (1982) Wisdom (5th Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Joseph E. Neuhaus 1983 1984 Columbia (1982) McGowan (D.C. Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Cammie R. Robinson (Hauptfuhrer) 1983 1984 Virginia (1982) Seitz (3d Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. A. Lee Bentley, III 1984 1985 Virginia (1983) Haynsworth (4th Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Annmarie Levins 1984 1985 Maine (1983) Oakes (2d Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Daniel R. Ortiz 1984 1985 Yale (1983) S. Breyer (1st Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Lynda Guild Simpson 1984 1985 Chicago (1982) Kearse (2d Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Rory K. Little (shared with Brennan, Stewart, Stevens) 1984 1985 Yale (1982) Oberdorfer (D.D.C.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. C. Cabell Chinnis, Jr. 1985 1986 Yale (1984) Wisdom (5th Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Anne M. Coughlin 1985 1986 NYU (1984) Newman (2d Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Michael W. Mosman 1985 1986 BYU (1984) Wilkey (D.C. Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. William J. Stuntz 1985 1986 Virginia (1984) L. Pollak (E.D. Pa.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Robert Allen Long, Jr. 1986 1987 Yale (1985) Wisdom (5th Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Leslie S. Gielow (Jacobs) 1986 1987 Michigan (1985) Oberdorfer (D.D.C.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Andrew D. Leipold 1986 1987 Virginia (1985) Mikva (D.C. Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Ronald J. Mann 1986 1987 Texas (1985) Sneed (9th Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Robert W. Werner (shared with Kennedy) 1987 1988 NYU (1986) Weinfeld (S.D.N.Y.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. (retired) R. Hewitt Pate, III 1988 1989 Virginia (1987) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. (retired) Michael N. Levy 1989 1990 Harvard (1988) Oberdorfer (D.D.C.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. (retired) George C. Freeman, III 1990 1991 Yale (1989) R. Arnold (8th Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. (retired) Jeffrey S. Sutton (shared with Scalia) 1991 1992 Ohio State (1990) Meskill (2d Cir.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. (retired) Rebecca A. Womeldorf (shared with Kennedy) 1992 1993 Washington & Lee (1991) Merhige (E.D. Va.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. (retired) Deanne E. Maynard 1993 1994 Harvard (1991) S. Harris (D.D.C.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. (retired) James J. Benjamin (shared with Stevens) 1994 1995 Virginia (1990) J. F. Motz (D. Md.)
4 99 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. (retired) Mark David Harris (shared with Stevens) 1995 1996 Harvard (1992) Flaum (7th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Daniel C. Chung February 18, 1988 July 1988 Harvard (1987) Kennedy (9th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Miguel A. Estrada February 18, 1988 July 1988 Harvard (1986) Kearse (2d Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Peter D. Keisler February 18, 1988 July 1988 Yale (1985) Bork (D.C. Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy E. Lawrence Vincent February 18, 1988 July 1988 Texas (1987) Kennedy (9th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Robert W. Werner (shared with Powell) February 18, 1988 July 1988 NYU (1986) Weinfeld (S.D.N.Y.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Elizabeth D. Collery (Moss) (served first half only, replaced by Litman) 1988 1989 Harvard (1986) D. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Miguel A. Estrada (served first half only, replaced by Cordray) 1988 1989 Harvard (1986) Kennedy / Kearse (2d Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Thomas G. Hungar 1988 1989 Yale (1987) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Peter D. Keisler (served first half only, replaced by Cappuccio) 1988 1989 Yale (1985) Kennedy / Bork (D.C. Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Paul T. Cappuccio (served second half only) 1988 1989 Harvard (1986) Scalia / Kozinski (9th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Richard A. Cordray (served second half only) 1988 1989 Chicago (1986) B. White / Bork (D.C. Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Harry P. Litman (served second half only) 1988 1989 Berkeley (1986) T. Marshall / Mikva (D.C. Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Jeanne M. Hauch 1989 1990 Yale (1988) R. Winter (2d Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Gregory E. Maggs 1989 1990 Harvard (1988) Sneed (9th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Michael T. Mollerus 1989 1990 Harvard (1988) J. E. Smith (5th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy R. Hewitt Pate, III 1989 1990 Virginia (1987) Powell / Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy J. Randy Beck 1990 1991 SMU (1988) P. Higginbotham (5th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Jack L. Goldsmith 1990 1991 Yale (1989) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy David G. Litt 1990 1991 Chicago (1988) Goodwin (9th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy K. John Shaffer 1990 1991 Berkeley (1989) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy David L. Anderson 1991 1992 Stanford (1990) J. C. Wallace (9th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Ashutosh Bhagwat 1991 1992 Chicago (1990) Posner (7th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Michael C. Dorf 1991 1992 Harvard (1990) Reinhardt (9th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Jacqueline G. Cooper 1991 1992 Chicago (1990) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy John E. Barry (shared with Burger) 1991 1992 Columbia (1985) L. Campbell (1st Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Bradford A. Berenson 1992 1993 Harvard (1991) Silberman (D.C. Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Adam H. Charnes 1992 1993 Harvard (1991) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Matthew H. Lembke 1992 1993 Virginia (1991) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Christopher R. J. Pace 1992 1993 Penn (1990) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Rebecca A. Womeldorf (shared with Powell) 1992 1993 Washington & Lee (1991) Merhige (E.D. Va.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Miles F. Ehrlich 1993 1994 Stanford (1992) W. Norris (9th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Gary Feinerman 1993 1994 Stanford (1991) Flaum (7th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Nathan A. Forrester 1993 1994 Chicago (1992) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Brett Kavanaugh 1993 1994 Yale (1990) Kozinski (9th Cir.) / Stapleton (3d Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Neil M. Gorsuch (shared with White) 1993 1994 Harvard (1991) Sentelle (D.C. Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Susan M. Davies 1994 1995 Chicago (1991) S. Breyer (1st Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Michael J. Hirshland 1994 1995 Virginia (1993) Luttig (4th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Cheryl A. Krause (Zemelman) 1994 1995 Stanford (1993) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Daniel Meron 1994 1995 Harvard (1992) Silberman (D.C. Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Nancy L. Combs 1995 1996 Berkeley (1994) O'Scannlain (9th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Ward Farnsworth 1995 1996 Chicago (1994) Posner (7th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Stephen B. Kinnaird 1995 1996 Yale (1994) J. M. Walker (2d Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Kelly M. Klaus 1995 1996 Stanford (1992) Rymer (9th Cir.) / Orrick (N.D. Cal.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy John P. Elwood 1996 1997 Yale (1993) Mahoney (2d Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy F. Allen Ferrell 1996 1997 Harvard (1995) Silberman (D.C. Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Renee Lettow (Lerner) 1996 1997 Yale (1995) S. Williams (D.C. Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Anthony J. Vlatas 1996 1997 Columbia (1994) Kozinski (9th Cir.) / Leisure (S.D.N.Y.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Stephanos Bibas 1997 1998 Yale (1994) P. Higginbotham (5th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Raymond Kethledge 1997 1998 Michigan (1993) Guy (6th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Harry P. Susman 1997 1998 Texas (1996) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Christopher S. Yoo 1997 1998 Northwestern (1995) Randolph (D.C. Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Lisa Grow (Sun) 1998 1999 Harvard (1997) Luttig (4th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Howard C. Nielson, Jr. 1998 1999 Chicago (1997) Luttig (4th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Edward S. Pallesen 1998 1999 Harvard (1997) Leval (2d Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy John Christopher ("J.C.") Rozendaal 1998 1999 Texas (1997) D. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy James F. Bennett 1999 2000 Vanderbilt (1995) Edmondson (11th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy William A. Burck 1999 2000 Yale (1998) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Stephen M. Nickelsburg 1999 2000 Virginia (1998) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Michael Y. Scudder 1999 2000 Northwestern (1998) Niemeyer (4th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Grant M. Dixton 2000 2001 Harvard (1999) Luttig (4th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Brett C. Gerry 2000 2001 Yale (1999) Silberman (D.C. Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Kevin J. Miller 2000 2001 Chicago (1999) J. E. Smith (5th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Eugene M. Paige 2000 2001 Harvard (1999) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Steven A. Engel 2001 2002 Yale (2000) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy John C. Neiman 2001 2002 Harvard (2000) Niemeyer (4th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Nicholas Quinn Rosenkranz 2001 2002 Yale (1999) Easterbrook (7th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Alexander J. Willscher 2001 2002 Chicago (2000) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Rachel L. Brand 2002 2003 Harvard (1998) Fried (Mass.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Brian R. Matsui 2002 2003 Stanford (1999) Rymer (9th Cir.) / Levi (E.D. Cal.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Igor V. Timofeyev 2002 2003 Yale (2001) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Michael F. Williams 2002 2003 Georgetown (2001) D. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Bertrand-Marc Allen 2003 2004 Yale (2002) Luttig (4th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Edward C. Dawson 2003 2004 Texas (2002) Carnes (11th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Orin Kerr 2003 2004 Harvard (1997) Garth (3d Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Chi Tsun Steve Kwok 2003 2004 Yale (2002) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Andrew C. Baak 2004 2005 Chicago (2003) Posner (7th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Kathryn R. Haun 2004 2005 Stanford (2000) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Michael E. Scoville 2004 2005 Harvard (2003) Luttig (4th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Matthew C. Stephenson 2004 2005 Harvard (2003) S. Williams (D.C. Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy David M. Cooper 2005 2006 Stanford (2004) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Randy J. Kozel 2005 2006 Harvard (2004) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Jeffrey A. Pojanowski 2005 2006 Harvard (2004) J. Roberts (D.C. Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Zachary S. Price 2005 2006 Harvard (2003) Tatel (D.C. Cir.) / Blake (D. Md.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy David W. Foster 2006 2007 Harvard (2005) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Lisa Marshall (Manheim) 2006 2007 Yale (2005) Leval (2d Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Eric E. Murphy 2006 2007 Chicago (2005) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Mark Yohalem 2006 2007 Harvard (2005) Rymer (9th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Michael Chu 2007 2008 Harvard (2006) D. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Stephen J. Cowen 2007 2008 Chicago (2006) D. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Andrianna ("Annie") Kastanek 2007 2008 Northwestern (2005) Ripple (7th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Christian J. ("C.J.") Mahoney 2007 2008 Yale (2006) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Heidi Bond (shared with O'Connor) 2007 2008 Michigan (2006) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Ashley C. Keller 2008 2009 Chicago (2007) Posner (7th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Travis D. Lenkner 2008 2009 Kansas (2005) Kavanaugh (D.C. Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Steven M. Shepard 2008 2009 Yale (2007) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Christopher J. Walker 2008 2009 Stanford (2006) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Daniel S. Epps 2009 2010 Harvard (2008) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Allon S.I. Kedem 2009 2010 Yale (2005) Leval (2d Cir.) / Kravitz (D. Conn.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Scott A. Keller 2009 2010 Texas (2007) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Misha Tseytlin 2009 2010 Georgetown (2006) Kozinski (9th Cir.) / J. Brown (D.C. Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Joshua A. Deahl (shared with O'Connor) 2009 2010 Michigan (2006) Benavides (5th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Steven J. Horowitz 2010 2011 Harvard (2009) Posner (7th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Robert E. Johnson 2010 2011 Harvard (2009) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Richard M. Re 2010 2011 Yale (2008) Kavanaugh (D.C. Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy James Y. Stern 2010 2011 Virginia (2009) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Samuel T. C. ("Sam") Erman (shared with Stevens) 2010 2011 Michigan (2007) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Ishan K. Bhabha 2011 2012 Harvard (2009) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Leah M. Litman 2011 2012 Michigan (2010) Sutton (6th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Eric S. Nguyen 2011 2012 Harvard (2009) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Justin R. Walker 2011 2012 Harvard (2009) Kavanaugh (D.C. Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Dina B. Mishra (shared with Stevens) 2011 2012 Yale (2009) Boudin (1st Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy David W. Denton, Jr. 2012 2013 Harvard (2011) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Joshua ("Josh") Patashnik 2012 2013 Stanford (2011) Sutton (6th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Mark D. Taticchi 2012 2013 GW (2010) Ikuta (9th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Lauren S. Willard 2012 2013 Virginia (2011) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Greg Dubinsky 2013 2014 Yale (2011) Kavanaugh (D.C. Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Matthew X. Etchemendy 2013 2014 Stanford (2012) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Katherine Moran Meeks 2013 2014 Penn (2012) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Michael F. Murray 2013 2014 Yale (2009) O'Scannlain (9th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Aaron Zelinsky (shared with Stevens) 2013 2014 Yale (2010) Griffith (D.C. Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Andrew J.M. Bentz 2014 2015 Virginia (2012) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy James W. Crooks 2014 2015 Columbia (2013) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Joshua Matz 2014 2015 Harvard (2012) Reinhardt (9th Cir.) / Oetken (S.D.N.Y.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Caroline S. Van Zile (Hobel) 2014 2015 Yale (2012) Kavanaugh (D.C. Cir.) / Boasberg (D.D.C.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Travis M. Crum (shared with Stevens) 2014 2015 Yale (2011) Tatel (D.C. Cir.) / Thompson (M.D. Ala.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Elana Nightingale Dawson 2015 2016 Northwestern (2011) Kethledge (6th Cir.)/Feinerman (N.D. Ill.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Samir Deger-sen 2015 2016 Yale (2013) Susan Oki Mollway (D. Haw.) / Kozinski (9th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Andrew G. Kilberg 2015 2016 Virginia (2014) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy C. Harker Rhodes, IV 2015 2016 Stanford (2012) Katzmann (2d Cir.)/Zobel (D. Mass.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Alex J. Harris 2016 Harvard (2015) Gorsuch (10th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy William C. Perdue 2016 Yale (2011) Katzmann (2d Cir.) / Rakoff (S.D.N.Y.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy John J. Snidow 2016 Yale (2014) Kethledge (6th Cir.) / Thapar (E.D.K.Y.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Thomas G. Sprankling 2016 Columbia (2012) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Nicholas ("Nick") Harper (hired by Scalia) 2017 Chicago (2015) Kavanaugh (D.C. Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Geoffrey C. Shaw 2017 Yale (2016) Reinhardt (9th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Matthew Gregory 2017 Michigan (2014) Kethledge (6th Cir.)
4 104 Anthony Kennedy Krista Perry 2017 Chicago (2016) W. Pryor (11th Cir.)
6 46 Stanley Matthews Everett Riley York 1886 1889 National (1885)
6 51 David Josiah Brewer Frederick J. Haig 1893 1910
6 62 Charles Evans Hughes Maurice M. Moore 1913 1914 GW (1913)
6 68 John Hessin Clarke S. Edward Widdifield 1919 1922 Detroit (?) (c. 1898) J. Lamar / R. W. Peckham
6 70 George Sutherland S. Edward Widdifield 1922 1923 Detroit (?) (c. 1898) J. H. Clarke / J. Lamar / R. W. Peckham
6 70 George Sutherland Alan E. Gray 1924 1929 GW (1924)
6 70 George Sutherland Francis R. Kirkham 1930 1934 GW (1931)
6 70 George Sutherland John Wiley Cragun 1934 1938 GW (1934)
6 77 Stanley Forman Reed Harold Leventhal 1938 1938 Columbia (1936) H. F. Stone
6 77 Stanley Forman Reed John Thomas Sapienza 1938 1939 Harvard (1937) A. Hand (2d Cir.)
6 77 Stanley Forman Reed Philip L. Graham 1939 1940 Harvard (1939) none
6 77 Stanley Forman Reed Bennett Boskey 1940 1941 Harvard (1939) L. Hand (2d Cir.)
6 77 Stanley Forman Reed John H. Maclay, Jr. 1941 1942 Harvard (1940) A. Hand (2d Cir.)
6 77 Stanley Forman Reed David Schwartz 1942 1943 Harvard (1939)
6 77 Stanley Forman Reed Luther Earle Birdzell, Jr. 1943 1944 Harvard (1942) A. Hand (2d Cir.)
6 77 Stanley Forman Reed Byron Edward Kabot 1944 1945 Chicago (1941)
6 77 Stanley Forman Reed Emanuel G. Weiss 1945 1946 Harvard (1944)
6 77 Stanley Forman Reed F. Aley Allan 1946 1947 Yale (1945) L. Hand (2d Cir.)
6 77 Stanley Forman Reed Robert B. von Mehren 1947 1948 Harvard (1946) L. Hand (2d Cir.)
6 77 Stanley Forman Reed John Brumback Spitzer 1947 1948 Yale (1947)
6 77 Stanley Forman Reed Mac Asbill, Jr. 1948 1949 Harvard (1948)
6 77 Stanley Forman Reed William W. Koontz 1948 1949 Virginia (1947)
6 77 Stanley Forman Reed Joseph Barbash 1949 1950 Harvard (1948) L. Hand (2d Cir.)
6 77 Stanley Forman Reed Bayless Manning 1949 1950 Yale (1949)
6 77 Stanley Forman Reed Adam Yarmolinsky 1950 1951 Yale (1948) C. E. Clark (2d Cir.)
6 77 Stanley Forman Reed Edwin M. Zimmerman 1950 1951 Columbia (1949) Rifkind (S.D.N.Y.)
6 77 Stanley Forman Reed Lewis C. Green 1951 1952 Harvard (1950) W. Orr (9th Cir.) / G. Moore (E.D. Mo.)
6 77 Stanley Forman Reed John D. Calhoun 1951 1952 Yale (1949)
6 77 Stanley Forman Reed William D. Rogers 1952 1953 Yale (1951) C. E. Clark (2d Cir.)
6 77 Stanley Forman Reed Robert L. Randall 1952 1954 Chicago (1951)
6 77 Stanley Forman Reed John David Fassett[8] 1953 1954 Yale (1953)
6 77 Stanley Forman Reed George B. Mickum, III 1953 1954 Georgetown (1952) Fahy (D.C. Cir.)
6 77 Stanley Forman Reed Gordon B. Davidson 1954 1955 Louisville (LLB 1951) / Yale (LLM 1952)
6 77 Stanley Forman Reed Joel A. Kozol 1954 1955 Harvard (1954)
6 77 Stanley Forman Reed Julian Burke 1955 1956 Georgetown (1954) Prettyman (D.C. Cir.)
6 77 Stanley Forman Reed Roderick M. Hills 1955 1957 Stanford (1955)
6 77 Stanley Forman Reed Manley O. Hudson, Jr. 1956 1957 Harvard (1956)
6 77 Stanley Forman Reed (retired) R. Markham Ball (shared with Burton and Warren) 1960 1961 Harvard (1960) none
6 77 Stanley Forman Reed (retired) Timothy B. Dyk (shared with Burton) 1961 1962 Harvard (1961) none
6 77 Stanley Forman Reed (retired) Stuart R. Pollak (shared with Warren and Burton) 1962 1963 Harvard (1961)
6 77 Stanley Forman Reed (retired) Theodore R. Boehm (shared with Burton and Warren) 1963 1964 Harvard (1963)
6 77 Stanley Forman Reed (retired) George C. Cochran (shared with Warren) 1964 1965 North Carolina (1964) none
6 77 Stanley Forman Reed (retired) Carl D. Lawson 1965 1966 Stanford (1963) none
6 77 Stanley Forman Reed (retired) Harold Bolton Finn, III (shared with Warren) 1966 1967 Columbia (1966)
6 77 Stanley Forman Reed (retired) Earl C. Dudley, Jr. (shared with Warren) 1968 1969 Virginia (1967) none
6 77 Stanley Forman Reed (retired) Richard J. Urowsky (shared with Burger, Stewart, White) 1972 1973 Yale (1972) none
6 77 Stanley Forman Reed (retired) David M. Becker 1974 1975 Columbia (1973) Leventhal (D.C. Cir)
6 77 Stanley Forman Reed (retired) Christopher R. Lipsett (shared with Brennan, Marshall, Stewart and Blackmun) 1975 1976 Penn (1974) I. Goldberg (5th Cir.)
6 91 Charles Evans Whittaker Kenneth W. Dam 1957 1958 Chicago (1957) none
6 91 Charles Evans Whittaker Alan C. Kohn 1957 1958 Wash U (1955) none
6 91 Charles Evans Whittaker William C. Canby, Jr.[4] 1958 1959 Minnesota (1956) none
6 91 Charles Evans Whittaker Heywood H. Davis 1958 1959 Kansas (1958) none
6 91 Charles Evans Whittaker Jerome B. Libin 1959 1960 Michigan (1959) none
6 91 Charles Evans Whittaker Patrick F. McCartan 1959 1960 Notre Dame (1959) none
6 91 Charles Evans Whittaker James Malone Edwards 1960 1961 Wash U (1960) none
6 91 Charles Evans Whittaker D. Lawrence Gunnels 1960 1962 Wash U (1960) none
6 91 Charles Evans Whittaker James N. Adler (shared with Warren) 1961 1962 Michigan (1961)
6 93 Byron White D. Lawrence Gunnels (hired by Whittaker) 1962 1962 Wash U (1960) none
6 93 Byron White Richard H. Stern 1962 1963 Yale (1959) none
6 93 Byron White Ronald L. Blanc 1962 1963 NYU (1962) none
6 93 Byron White Rex E. Lee 1963 1964 Chicago (1963) none
6 93 Byron White Lee A. Albert 1963 1965 Yale (1963) none
6 93 Byron White Dale S. Collinson 1964 1966 Columbia (1963) Hays (2d Cir.)
6 93 Byron White David M. Ebel 1965 1966 Michigan (1965) none
6 93 Byron White James B. Loken 1966 1967 Harvard (1965) Lumbard (2d Cir.)
6 93 Byron White Raymond C. Clevenger III 1966 1967 Yale (1966) none
6 93 Byron White Leon E. ("Lee") Irish 1967 1968 Michigan (1964) none
6 93 Byron White Lance M. Liebman 1967 1968 Harvard (1967) none
6 93 Byron White R. George Crawford 1968 1969 Harvard (1968) none
6 93 Byron White David Victor 1968 1969 Virginia (1968) none
6 93 Byron White W. John Glancy 1969 1970 Yale (1969) none
6 93 Byron White George Marshall Moriarty (shared with Black, Stewart, Burger) 1969 1970 Harvard (1968) Aldrich (1st Cir.)
6 93 Byron White Richard H. Sayler 1970 1971 Michigan (1969) Lumbard (2d Cir.)
6 93 Byron White Philip Soper 1969 1970 Harvard (1969) none
6 93 Byron White William E. Nelson 1970 1971 NYU (1965) Weinfeld (S.D.N.Y.)
6 93 Byron White David E. Kendall 1971 1972 Yale (1971) none
6 93 Byron White Richard J. Danzig 1971 1972 Yale (1971) none
6 93 Byron White James E. Scarboro 1971 1972 Colorado (1970) Arraj (D. Colo.)
6 93 Byron White Rhesa H. Barksdale 1972 1973 Mississippi (1972) none
6 93 Byron White Robert B. Barnett 1972 1973 Chicago (1971) Wisdom (5th Cir.)
6 93 Byron White Richard L. Hoffman 1972 1973 Columbia (1971) none
6 93 Byron White Allan A. Ryan, Jr.[4] 1972 1973 Minnesota (1970) none
6 93 Byron White Richard J. Urowsky (hired by Reed / shared with Burger, Stewart) 1972 1973 Yale (1972) none
6 93 Byron White Pierce O'Donnell 1973 1974 Georgetown (1972) Hufstedler (9th Cir.)
6 93 Byron White Hal S. Scott 1973 1974 Chicago (1972) Leventhal (D.C. Cir.)
6 93 Byron White Jonathan D. Varat 1973 1974 Penn (1972) Mansfield (2d Cir.)
6 93 Byron White James T. Malysiak 1974 1975 Yale (1973) Renfrew (N.D. Cal.)
6 93 Byron White John W. Nields Jr. 1974 1977 Penn (1967) none
6 93 Byron White Larry L. Simms 1974 1975 Boston University (1973) Oakes (2d Cir.)
6 93 Byron White Dennis J. Hutchinson 1975 1976 Texas (1974) Tuttle (1st Cir.)
6 93 Byron White Robert L. Deitz (hired by Douglas / shared with Stewart) 1975 1976 Harvard (1975) none
6 93 Byron White Randall C. Nelson 1975 1976 Colorado (1974) R. Robb (D.C. Cir.)
6 93 Byron White Gilbert L. Kujovich (shared with Stewart) 1976 1977 Harvard (1975) Hufstedler (9th Cir.)
6 93 Byron White John W. Spiegel 1976 1977 Yale (1976) none
6 93 Byron White Robert W. Loewen 1976 1977 USC (1975) Ely (9th Cir.)
6 93 Byron White S. Elizabeth Gibson 1977 1978 North Carolina (1976) Craven (4th Cir.)
6 93 Byron White Thomas J. Campbell 1977 1978 Harvard (1976) MacKinnon (D.C. Cir.)
6 93 Byron White Charles G. Cole 1977 1978 Harvard (1976) Leventhal (D.C. Cir.)
6 93 Byron White Jeffrey Glekel 1977 1978 Yale (1972) Weinfeld (S.D.N.Y.)
6 93 Byron White Kate Stith 1978 1979 Harvard (1977) McGowan (D.C. Cir.)
6 93 Byron White David J. Burman 1978 1979 Georgetown (1977) S. Robinson (D.C. Cir.)
6 93 Byron White Gary L. Sasso 1978 1979 Penn (1977) S. Robinson (D.C. Cir.)
6 93 Byron White Nicholas J. Spaeth 1978 1979 Stanford (1977) Bright (8th Cir.)
6 93 Byron White Benna R. Solomon 1979 1980 Georgia (1978) Oakes (2d Cir.)
6 93 Byron White Robert V. Percival 1979 1980 Stanford (1978) Hufstedler (9th Cir.)
6 93 Byron White Peter J. Kalis 1979 1980 Yale (1978) J. S. Wright (D.C. Cir.)
6 93 Byron White Geoffrey P. Miller 1979 1980 Columbia (1978) McGowan (D.C. Cir.)
6 93 Byron White Allan Ides 1980 1981 Loyola (Los Angeles) (1979) Haynsworth (4th Cir.)
6 93 Byron White Paul W. Kahn 1980 1982 Yale (1980) none
6 93 Byron White Thomas B. Metzloff 1980 1981 Harvard (1979) Ainsworth (5th Cir.)
6 93 Byron White Andrea L. Peterson 1980 1981 Berkeley (1978) Renfrew (N.D. Cal.)
6 93 Byron White Stuart H. Singer 1981 1983 Harvard (1981) none
6 93 Byron White Ellen P. Aprill 1981 1982 Georgetown (1980) Butzner (4th Cir.)
6 93 Byron White Bernard W. Bell 1982 1983 Stanford (1981) Kearse (2d Cir.)
6 93 Byron White William T. Dzurilla 1982 1983 Tulane (1981) Tate (5th Cir.)
6 93 Byron White Patricia A. Dean 1982 1983 Georgetown (1981) Tamm (D.C. Cir.)
6 93 Byron White Kingsley R. Browne 1983 1984 Denver (1982) Rovira (Colo.)
6 93 Byron White Richard Werder 1983 1984 Michigan (1982) H. Edwards (D.C. Cir.)
6 93 Byron White Kevin J. Worthen 1983 1984 BYU (1982) Wilkey (D.C. Cir.)
6 93 Byron White Michael E. Herz 1983 1985 Chicago (1982) L. Campbell (1st Cir.)
6 93 Byron White Dean M. Gloster 1984 1985 UCLA (1983) A. Kennedy (9th Cir.)
6 93 Byron White Scott L. Nelson 1984 1986 Harvard (1984) none
6 93 Byron White Natalie Wexler 1984 1985 Penn (1983) Rubin (5th Cir.)
6 93 Byron White Palma J. Strand 1985 1986 Stanford (1984) J. S. Wright (D.C. Cir.)
6 93 Byron White Andrew G. Schultz 1985 1986 New Mexico (1984) Rubin (5th Cir.)
6 93 Byron White David W. Burcham 1985 1986 Loyola (Los Angeles) (1984) Aldisert (3d Cir.)
6 93 Byron White Samuel Dimon 1985 1987 Michigan (1985) none
6 93 Byron White Barbara B. McDowell (Hartman) 1986 1988 Yale (1985) R. Winter (2d Cir.)
6 93 Byron White Albert J. Boro, Jr. 1987 1988 Berkeley (1986) W. Cummings (7th Cir.)
6 93 Byron White Richard A. Cordray 1987 1988 Chicago (1986) Bork (D.C. Cir.)
6 93 Byron White Ronald A. Klain 1987 1988 Harvard (1987) none
6 93 Byron White Paul R.Q. Wolfson 1987 1988 Yale (1987) none
6 93 Byron White Stephen A. Higginson 1988 1989 Yale (1987) Wald (D.C. Cir.)
6 93 Byron White Christopher R. Drahozal 1988 1989 Iowa (1986) C. Clark (5th Cir.)
6 93 Byron White Laura Ariane ("Laurie") Miller 1988 1989 Yale (1988)
6 93 Byron White Jonathan C. Bunge 1989 1990 Chicago (1988) Buckley (D.C. Cir.)
6 93 Byron White Stephen R. McAllister 1989 1991 Kansas (1988) Posner (7th Cir.)
6 93 Byron White Curtis A. Bradley 1990 1991 Harvard (1988) Ebel (10th Cir.)
6 93 Byron White Kathryn Webb Bradley 1990 1991 Maryland (1988) Smalkin (D. Md.)
6 93 Byron White Martin S. Flaherty 1990 1991 Columbia (1988) J. J. Gibbons (3d Cir.)
6 93 Byron White Charles R. Eskridge, III 1991 1992 Pepperdine (1990) C. Clark (5th Cir.)
6 93 Byron White David C. Frederick 1991 1992 Texas (1989) Sneed (9th Cir.)
6 93 Byron White Stephen R. McAllister (shared with Thomas) 1991 1992 Kansas (1988) B. White (twice) / Posner (7th Cir.)
6 93 Byron White Susan A. Weber 1991 1992 SUNY Buffalo (1989) Sprouse (4th Cir.)
6 93 Byron White Jeffrey F. Pryce 1991 1993 Yale (1991) none
6 93 Byron White John C.P. Goldberg 1992 1993 NYU (1991) Weinstein (E.D.N.Y.)
6 93 Byron White David D. Meyer 1992 1993 Michigan (1990) H. Edwards (D.C. Cir.)
6 93 Byron White (retired) Neil M. Gorsuch (shared with Kennedy) 1993 1994 Harvard (1991) Sentelle (D.C. Cir.)
6 93 Byron White (retired) Stuart F. Delery (shared with O'Connor) 1994 1995 Yale (1993) Tjoflat (11th Cir.)
6 93 Byron White (retired) Philip J. Weiser (shared with Ginsburg) 1995 1996 NYU (1994) Ebel (10th Cir.)
6 93 Byron White (retired) John L. Flynn (shared with Stevens) 1996 1997 Georgetown (1995) Becker (3d Cir.)
6 93 Byron White (retired) Benjamin A. Powell (shared with Stevens) 1997 1998 Columbia (1996) J. M. Walker (2d Cir.)
6 93 Byron White (retired) J. Brett Busby (shared with Stevens) 1999 2000 Columbia (1998) Tjoflat (11th Cir.)
6 93 Byron White (retired) Joseph T. Thai (shared with Stevens) 2000 2001 Harvard (1998) Ebel (10th Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Hugh W. Baxter 1993 1994 Stanford (1990) Brennan / Blackmun / R. B. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg David G. Post 1993 1994 Georgetown (1986) R. B. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Margo Schlanger (Bagenstos) 1993 1995 Yale (1993) none
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Alexandra A.E. Shapiro (Bach) 1993 1994 Columbia (1991) Williams (D.C. Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Alisa B. Klein (Goldblatt) 1994 1995 Harvard (1993) L. Pollak (E.D. Pa.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg David M. Schizer 1994 1995 Yale (1993) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg David B. Toscano 1994 1995 Columbia (1992) Mukasey (S.D.N.Y.) / Conboy (S.D.N.Y.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Lisa C. Beattie (Frelinghuysen) 1995 1996 Stanford (1994) H. Edwards (D.C. Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Maria Simon 1995 1996 Columbia (1994) Tatel (D.C. Cir.) / Mikva (D.C. Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Michael Li-Ming Wong 1995 1996 Harvard (1994) Cabranes (2d Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Paul J. Watford 1995 1996 UCLA (1994) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Philip J. Weiser (shared with White) 1995 1996 NYU (1994) Ebel (10th Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Laura W. Brill 1996 1997 Columbia (1994) Feinberg (2d Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg David C. Codell 1996 1997 Harvard (1995) Tatel (D.C. Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg W. William Hodes 1996 1997 Rutgers (1969) N/A
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg M. Elizabeth Magill 1996 1997 Virginia (1995) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Samuel Bagenstos 1997 1998 Harvard (1993) Reinhardt (9th Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Paul Schiff Berman 1997 1998 NYU (1995) H. Edwards (D.C. Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Gillian E. Metzger 1997 1998 Columbia (1995) Wald (D.C. Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg John B. Owens 1997 1998 Stanford (1996) J. C. Wallace (9th Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Alexandra H.T. ("Lexa") Edsall (Victor) 1998 1999 Harvard (1994) Wald (D.C. Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Rochelle Lee Shoretz 1998 1999 Columbia (1994) Kearse (2d Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg William D. Savitt 1998 1999 Columbia (1997) Leval (2d Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Jay D. Wexler 1998 1999 Stanford (1997) Tatel (D.C. Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg David L. Franklin 1999 2000 Chicago (1997) S. Williams (D.C. Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Richard A. Primus 1999 2000 Yale (1998) Calabresi (2d Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Amanda L. Tyler 1999 2000 Harvard (1998) Calabresi (2d Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Deirdre D. von Dornum 1999 2000 Columbia (1997) Brody (E.D. Pa.) / Reinhardt (9th Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Nick Bravin 2000 2001 Columbia (1998) Ebel (10th Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Robert M. Gordon 2000 2001 Yale (1998) Leval (2d Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Goodwin Liu 2000 2001 Yale (1998) Tatel (D.C. Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Linda C. Lye 2000 2001 Berkeley (1999) Calabresi (2d Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Heather Elliott (Rachels) 2001 2002 Berkeley (2000) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg David A. O'Neil 2001 2002 Harvard (2000) Sack (2d Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Joseph R. Palmore 2001 2002 Virginia (1998) Jacobs (2d Cir.) / Gleeson (E.D.N.Y.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Aaron J. Saiger 2001 2002 Columbia (2000) D. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Toby J. Heytens 2002 2003 Virginia (2000) Becker (3d Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Trevor Morrison 2002 2003 Columbia (1998) B. Fletcher (9th Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Elizabeth G. Porter 2002 2003 Columbia (2000) S. Thomas (9th Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Karl R. Thompson 2002 2003 Chicago (2000) Tatel (D.C. Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Abbe R. Gluck 2003 2004 Yale (2000) R. Winter (2d Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Aziz Z. Huq 2003 2004 Columbia (2001) Sack (2d Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Anne Joseph O'Connell 2003 2004 Yale (2000) S. Williams (D.C. Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Neil S. Siegel 2003 2004 Berkeley (2001) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Ginger D. Anders 2004 2005 Columbia (2002) Sotomayor (2d Cir.) / G. Lynch (S.D.N.Y.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Katherine H. Ku 2004 2005 UCLA (2003) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Daniel B. Levin 2004 2005 Yale (2002) W. Fletcher (9th Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Dorothy H. Tran 2004 2005 Harvard (2003) Tatel (D.C. Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Lori Alvino (McGill) 2005 2006 Columbia (2003) D. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Joshua I. Civin 2005 2006 Yale (2003) Reinhardt (9th Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Rebecca G. Deutsch 2005 2006 Yale (2002) Katzmann (2d Cir.) / Rakoff (S.D.N.Y.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Anna-Rose Mathieson 2005 2006 Michigan (2003) Boudin (1st Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Kate E. Andrias 2006 2007 Yale (2004) Reinhardt (9th Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Scott Hershovitz 2006 2007 Yale (2004) W. Fletcher (9th Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Daphna Renan 2006 2007 Yale (2004) H. Edwards (D.C. Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Arun Subramanian 2006 2007 Columbia (2004) Jacobs (2d Cir.) / G. Lynch (S.D.N.Y.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Ruthanne M. Deutsch 2007 2008 Georgetown (2004) Dyk (Fed. Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Brian H. Fletcher 2007 2008 Harvard (2006) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Thomas G. Saunders 2007 2008 Yale (2004) Leval (2d Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Zachary D. Tripp 2007 2008 Columbia (2005) Kearse (2d Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Sue-Yun Ahn (Kitcher) 2008 2009 Columbia (2006) Tatel (D.C. Cir.) / Cote (S.D.N.Y.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Miriam L. Seifter (Yablon) 2008 2009 Harvard (2007) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Kevin S. Schwartz 2008 2009 Yale (2006) Calabresi (2d Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Robert M. Yablon 2008 2009 Yale (2006) W. Fletcher (9th Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Isaac J. Lidsky (shared with O'Connor) 2008 2009 Harvard (2004) Ambro (3d Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Elizabeth B. Prelogar 2009 2010 Harvard (2008) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Pamela K. Bookman (Perlman) 2009 2010 Virginia (2006) Sack (2d Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Vincent G. Levy 2009 2010 Columbia (2007) D. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg John M. Rappaport 2009 2010 Harvard (2006) Reinhardt (9th Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Amy L. Bergquist 2010 2011 Minnesota (2007) W. Fletcher (9th Cir.) / Tunheim (D. Minn)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg David A. Newman 2010 2011 Yale (2006) Katzmann (2d Cir.) / Rakoff (S.D.N.Y.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Elisabeth S. Theodore 2010 2011 Harvard (2009) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Keith Bradley 2010 2011 Columbia (2007) J.R. Brown (D.C. Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Rachel Wainer (Apter) 2011 2012 Harvard (2007) Katzmann (2d Cir.) / Rakoff (S.D.N.Y.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Benjamin J. Beaton 2011 2012 Columbia (2009) Randolph (D.C. Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Jennifer J. Clark 2011 2012 Georgetown (2008) Tatel (D.C. Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Gerard J. ("Gerry") Sinzdak 2011 2012 Berkeley (2008) Berzon (9th Cir.) / C. Breyer (N.D. Cal.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Matthew J. Tokson (shared with Souter) 2011 2012 Chicago (2008) Randolph (D.C. Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Martine E. Cicconi 2012 2013 Stanford (2010) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Joshua S. Johnson 2012 2013 Yale (2009) Tatel (D.C. Cir.) / Gertner (D. Mass.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Julia E. ("Julie") Kobick (Cushman) 2012 2013 Harvard (2010) Chagares (3d Cir.) / Saylor (D. Mass.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Nathan M. ("Thane") Rehn 2012 2013 Columbia (2009) Posner (7th Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Kelsi Brown Corkran 2013 2014 Chicago (2005) Tatel (D.C. Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Devi M. Rao 2013 2014 Columbia (2010) McKeown (9th Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Daniel A. Rubens 2013 2014 Harvard (2008) Katzmann (2d Cir.) / Rakoff (S.D.N.Y.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Burden H. Walker 2013 2014 Harvard (2010) S. Williams (D.C. Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Ryan Park (shared with Souter) 2013 2014 Harvard (2010) Katzmann (2d Cir.) / Rakoff (S.D.N.Y.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Ari Holtzblatt 2014 2015 Yale (2010) Tatel (D.C. Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Mark P. Musico 2014 2015 Columbia (2011) Boudin (1st Cir.) / Woodlock (D. Mass.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Lauren Pardee (Ruben) 2014 2015 Yale (2010) Katzmann (2d Cir.) / Rakoff (S.D.N.Y.) / Liu (Cal.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Anitha Reddy 2014 2015 Stanford (2008) Leval (2d Cir.) / Gleeson (E.D.N.Y.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Eli N. Savit (shared with O'Connor) 2014 2015 Michigan (2010) Tatel (D.C. Cir.) / Bea (9th Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Z. Payvand Ahdout 2015 2016 Columbia (2013) Livingston (2nd Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Joshua ("Josh") Bone 2015 2016 Yale (2013) Tatel (D.C. Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Samuel T. ("Sam") Harbourt 2015 2016 Harvard (2013) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Amy L. Marshak 2015 2016 NYU (2011) Katzmann (2d Cir.) / Rakoff (S.D.N.Y.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Subash S. Iyer 2016 NYU (2013) Rakoff (S.D.N.Y.) / Katzmann (2d Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Hajin Kim 2016 Stanford (2014) Watford (9th Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Beth C. Neitzel 2016 Stanford (2013) D. Motz (4th Cir.) / Tatel (D.C. Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Parker A. Rider-Longmaid 2016 Penn (2013) Scirica (3d Cir.) / Pratter (E.D. Pa.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Beatrice C. Franklin 2017 Columbia (2014) Furman (S.D.N.Y.) / Carney (2d Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Karim J. Kentfield 2017 Berkeley (2012) W. Fletcher (9th Cir.) / Srinivasan (D.C. Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Mary H. Schnoor 2017 Harvard (2016) Posner (7th Cir.)
6 107 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Emma P. Simson 2017 Yale (2013) Boasberg (D.D.C.) / Tatel (D.C. Cir.)
8 44 John Marshall Harlan Henry M. Clapp 1889 1890
8 44 John Marshall Harlan Blewett Harrison Lee 1889 1890 Harvard (1888)
8 44 John Marshall Harlan Edgar R. Rombauer 1889 1891 Wash U (1887)
8 44 John Marshall Harlan William R. Harr 1896 1897 Georgetown (1895)
8 44 John Marshall Harlan William R. Harr 1898 1902 Georgetown (1895)
8 44 John Marshall Harlan John E. Hoover 1906 1911 R. W. Peckham
8 65 Mahlon Pitney William A.D. Dyke 1922 1923 Georgetown (1921) U.S. Senate, Asst. Clerk (1918–1921)
8 65 Mahlon Pitney Horatio Stonier, Jr.
8 72 Edward Terry Sanford William R. Loney 1922 1930 National (1907)
8 74 Owen Josephus Roberts William R. Loney 1930 1931 National (1907) Sanford
8 74 Owen Josephus Roberts Albert J. Schneider 1930 1945
8 84 Harold Hitz Burton W. Howard Mann 1945 1946 Iowa (1941) Rutledge (D.C. Cir.)
8 84 Harold Hitz Burton Harris K. Weston 1946 1947 Harvard (1946) none
8 84 Harold Hitz Burton Bruce Griswold 1947 1949 Case Western (1947) none
8 84 Harold Hitz Burton Marvin S. Schwartz 1950 1951 Penn (1949) Goodrich (3d Cir.)
8 84 Harold Hitz Burton Ray C. Simmons 1950 1951 Nebraska (1950) none
8 84 Harold Hitz Burton John W. Douglas 1951 1952 Yale (1948)
8 84 Harold Hitz Burton Charles C. Hileman, III 1951 1952 Penn (1950) Goodrich (3d Cir.)
8 84 Harold Hitz Burton John M. Leahy 1952 1953 Catholic (1950) Tamm (D.D.C.) / Fahy (D.C. Cir.)
8 84 Harold Hitz Burton James R. Ryan 1952 1954 Penn (1951) Goodrich (3d Cir.)
8 84 Harold Hitz Burton Raymond S. Troubh 1953 1954 Yale (1952) T. Swan (2d Cir.)
8 84 Harold Hitz Burton William B. Matteson 1954 1955 Harvard (1953) A. Hand (2d Cir.)
8 84 Harold Hitz Burton Thomas N. O'Neill, Jr. 1954 1955 Penn (1953) Goodrich (3d Cir.)
8 84 Harold Hitz Burton Roger C. Cramton 1956 1957 Chicago (1955) Waterman (2d Cir.)
8 84 Harold Hitz Burton David E. Wagoner 1956 1957 Penn (1953) Goodrich (3d Cir.)
8 84 Harold Hitz Burton Carl W. Schneider 1957 1958 Penn (1956) Goodrich (3d Cir.)
8 84 Harold Hitz Burton Preble Stoltz 1957 1958 Chicago (1956) Pope (9th Cir.)
8 84 Harold Hitz Burton (retired) R. Markham Ball (shared with Reed and Warren) 1960 1961 Harvard (1960) none
8 84 Harold Hitz Burton (retired) Timothy B. Dyk (shared with Reed) 1961 1962 Harvard (1961) none
8 84 Harold Hitz Burton (retired) Stuart R. Pollak (shared with Warren and Reed) 1962 1963 Harvard (1961)
8 84 Harold Hitz Burton (retired) Theodore R. Boehm (shared with Reed and Warren) 1963 1964 Harvard (1963) none
8 92 Potter Stewart Terrance Sandalow (hired by Burton) 1958 1959 Chicago (1957) Waterman (2d Cir.)
8 92 Potter Stewart John L. ("Jack") Evans 1958 1959 Ohio State (1958)
8 92 Potter Stewart Jerold H. Israel 1959 1961 Yale (1959) none
8 92 Potter Stewart Thomas E. Kauper 1960 1962 Michigan (1960) none
8 92 Potter Stewart Robert E. Hudec 1961 1963 Yale (1961) none
8 92 Potter Stewart Jan Ginter Deutsch 1962 1963 Yale (1962) none
8 92 Potter Stewart Alan R. Novak 1963 1964 Yale (1963) none
8 92 Potter Stewart Paul M. Dodyk 1964 1965 Harvard (1964) none
8 92 Potter Stewart Monroe Price 1964 1965 Yale (1964) none
8 92 Potter Stewart William Carey Parker 2d 1965 1966 Harvard (1965) none
8 92 Potter Stewart Steven Michael Umin 1965 1966 Yale (1964) Traynor (Cal.)
8 92 Potter Stewart E. Edward Bruce 1966 1966 Yale (1966) none
8 92 Potter Stewart Richard Burleson Stewart 1966 1967 Harvard (1966) none
8 92 Potter Stewart Laurence H. Tribe 1967 1968 Harvard (1966) Tobriner (Cal.)
8 92 Potter Stewart Curtis Stephen Howard 1967 1968 Yale (1966) none
8 92 Potter Stewart Silas J. Wasserstrom 1968 1969 Yale (1967) J. S. Wright (D.C. Cir.)
8 92 Potter Stewart Alan K. Palmer 1968 1969 Harvard (1967) S. Barnes (9th Cir.)
8 92 Potter Stewart Michael Ellmore Patterson 1968 1969 Columbia (1967) McGowan (D.C. Cir)
8 92 Potter Stewart Leonard H. ("Len") Becker 1969 1970 Yale (1968)
8 92 Potter Stewart George Marshall Moriarty (hired by Burger, shared with White, Black, Burger) 1969 1970 Harvard (1968) Aldrich (1st Cir.)
8 92 Potter Stewart Evan A. Davis 1970 1971 Columbia (1969) Leventhal (D.C. Cir.)
8 92 Potter Stewart Duncan Kennedy 1970 1971 Yale (1970) none
8 92 Potter Stewart Thomas D. Rowe, Jr. 1970 1971 Harvard (1970) none
8 92 Potter Stewart Benjamin W. Heineman, Jr. 1971 1972 Yale (1971) none
8 92 Potter Stewart William H. Jeffress, Jr. 1971 1972 Yale (1970) Gesell (D.D.C.)
8 92 Potter Stewart Richard D. Parker 1971 1972 Harvard (1970) none
8 92 Potter Stewart David M. Schulte 1972 1973 Yale (1971) Weinfeld (S.D.N.Y.)
8 92 Potter Stewart John G. Koeltl 1972 1973 Harvard (1971) Weinfeld (S.D.N.Y.)
8 92 Potter Stewart James R. Bieke 1972 1973 Michigan (1970) Harlan II / Lumbard (2d Cir.)
8 92 Potter Stewart Richard J. Urowsky (hired by Reed / shared with Burger, White) 1972 1973 Yale (1972) none
8 92 Potter Stewart Frederick T. Davis 1973 1974 Columbia (1972) Friendly (2d Cir.)
8 92 Potter Stewart Andrew D. Hurwitz 1973 1974 Yale (1972) J. J. Smith (2d Cir.) / Newman (D. Conn.)
8 92 Potter Stewart Terrence G. Perris 1973 1974 Michigan (1972) Lumbard (2d Cir.)
8 92 Potter Stewart Jerry Lawrence Siegel 1973 1974 Yale (1972) Renfrew (N.D. Cal.)
8 92 Potter Stewart Ronald M. Gould 1974 1975 Michigan (1973) McCree (6th Cir.)
8 92 Potter Stewart Curtis A. Hessler 1974 1975 Yale (1973) J. S. Wright (D.C. Cir.)
8 92 Potter Stewart Dennis M. Perluss 1974 1975 Harvard (1973) Hufstedler (9th Cir.)
8 92 Potter Stewart William J. Davey 1975 1976 Michigan (1974) Lumbard (2d Cir.)
8 92 Potter Stewart James N. Gardner 1975 1976 Yale (1974) Goodwin (9th Cir.)
8 92 Potter Stewart Ronald A. Stern 1975 1976 Harvard (1974) Leventhal (D.C. Cir)
8 92 Potter Stewart Robert L. Deitz (hired by Douglas / shared with White) 1975 1976 Harvard (1975) none
8 92 Potter Stewart Christopher R. Lipsett (shared with Reed, Brennan, Marshall and Blackmun) 1975 1976 Penn (1974) I. Goldberg (5th Cir.)
8 92 Potter Stewart Gilbert L. Kujovich (shared with White) 1976 1977 Harvard (1975) Hufstedler (9th Cir.)
8 92 Potter Stewart Daniel J. Meltzer 1976 1977 Harvard (1975) McGowan (D.C. Cir.)
8 92 Potter Stewart Judith A. Miller 1976 1977 Yale (1975) Leventhal (D.C. Cir.)
8 92 Potter Stewart Mark F. Pomerantz 1976 1977 Michigan (1975) Weinfeld (S.D.N.Y.)
8 92 Potter Stewart Ellen Borgersen 1977 1978 Michigan (1976) Coffin (1st Cir.)
8 92 Potter Stewart Barbara R. Hauser 1977 1978 Penn (1976)
8 92 Potter Stewart Robert S. Litt 1977 1978 Yale (1976) Weinfeld (S.D.N.Y.)
8 92 Potter Stewart Jay M. Spears 1977 1978 Stanford (1976) Bazelon (D.C. Cir)
8 92 Potter Stewart Daniel R. Fischel 1978 1979 Chicago (1977) Fairchild (7th Cir.)
8 92 Potter Stewart Henry T. ("Hank") Greely 1978 1979 Yale (1977) Wisdom (5th Cir.)
8 92 Potter Stewart Virginia Kerr 1978 1979 Penn (1977) Schreiber (N.J.)
8 92 Potter Stewart Eric B. Amstutz 1978 1979 Yale (1978) Gesell (D.D.C.)
8 92 Potter Stewart David D. Hiller 1979 1980 Harvard (1978) Wilkey (D.C. Cir.)
8 92 Potter Stewart Saul B. Goodman 1979 1980 Virginia (1978) McGowan (D.C. Cir)
8 92 Potter Stewart Robert Weisberg 1980 1981 Stanford (1979) J. S. Wright (D.C. Cir.)
8 92 Potter Stewart Elliot Francis Gerson 1980 1981 Yale (1979) (D.C. Cir.)
8 92 Potter Stewart Carl E. Schneider 1980 1981 Michigan (1979) McGowan (D.C. Cir)
8 92 Potter Stewart (retired) Howard William Gutman 1981 1982 Harvard (1980) I. Goldberg (5th Cir.)
8 92 Potter Stewart (retired) Jeffrey H. Blattner 1982 1983 Harvard (1980) Keeton (D. Mass)
8 92 Potter Stewart (retired) David M. Geronemus 1983 1984 NYU (1982) Seitz (3d Cir.)
8 92 Potter Stewart (retired) Rory K. Little (shared with Brennan, Powell, Stevens) 1984 1985 Yale (1982) Oberdorfer (D.D.C.)
8 92 Potter Stewart (retired) Robert B. Stack 1985 1986 Georgetown (1984) Flannery (D.C. Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Brian Cartwright 1981 1982 Harvard (1980) Wilkey (D.C. Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor John B. Dwyer 1981 1982 Berkeley (1980) H. Edwards (D.C. Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Deborah A. Jones (Merritt) 1981 1982 Columbia (1980) R. B. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Ruth V. McGregor 1981 1982 Arizona State (1974) none
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Gary L. Francione 1982 1983 Virginia (1981) Tate (5th Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Stewart J. Schwab 1982 1983 Michigan (1980) J. D. Phillips (4th Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor M. Kathleen Smalley 1982 1983 Harvard (1981) Wisdom (5th Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Jane F. Vehko (Fahey) 1982 1983 William & Mary (1981) J. Hill (11th Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Peter W. Huber 1983 1984 Harvard (1982) R. B. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Glen D. Nager 1983 1984 Stanford (1982) J. S. Wright (D.C. Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Victoria L. Radd (Rollins) 1983 1984 Harvard (1982) J. S. Wright (D.C. Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Richard G. Taranto 1983 1984 Yale (1981) Bork (D.C. Cir.) / Sofaer (S.D.N.Y.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Gail B. Agrawal 1984 1985 Tulane (1983) Wisdom (5th Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor W. Scott Bales 1984 1985 Harvard (1983) Sneed (9th Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Kent D. Syverud 1984 1985 Michigan (1981) Oberdorfer (D.D.C.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Barbara B. Woodhouse 1984 1985 Columbia (1983) Sofaer (S.D.N.Y.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Christopher D. Cerf 1985 1986 Columbia (1984) J. S. Wright (D.C. Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Stephen G. Gilles 1985 1986 Chicago (1984) Bork (D.C. Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Julie R. O'Sullivan 1985 1986 Cornell (1984) L. Campbell (1st Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor John K. Setear 1985 1986 Yale (1984) McGowan (D.C. Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Charles A. Blanchard 1986 1987 Harvard (1985) H. Edwards (D.C. Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Daniel J. Bussel 1986 1987 Stanford (1985) S. Breyer (1st Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Susan A. Creighton 1986 1987 Stanford (1984) Rymer (C.D. Cal.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Joan I. Greco 1986 1987 Harvard (1985) R. B. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Sharon L. Beckman 1987 1988 Michigan (1986) Coffin (1st Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Steven T. Catlett 1987 1988 Columbia (1985) Starr (D.C. Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Susan A. Dunn 1987 1988 Stanford (1986) Sneed (9th Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Nelson Lund 1987 1988 Chicago (1985) P. Higginbotham (5th Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Adalberto J. Jordan 1988 1989 Miami (1987) T. A. Clark (11th Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Daniel M. Mandil 1988 1989 Columbia (1987) R. B. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Andrew G. McBride 1988 1989 Stanford (1987) Bork (D.C. Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Jane E. Stromseth 1988 1989 Yale (1987) Oberdorfer (D.D.C.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Ivan K. Fong 1989 1990 Stanford (1987) Mikva (D.C. Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Marci A. Hamilton 1989 1990 Penn (1988) Becker (3d Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Sandra Segal Ikuta 1989 1990 UCLA (1988) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Richard D. Klingler 1989 1990 Stanford (1988) Starr (D.C. Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Iman Anabtawi 1990 1991 Stanford (1989) Silberman (D.C. Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Kevin M. Kelly 1990 1991 UCLA (1989) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Denise Posse-Blanco Lindberg 1990 1991 BYU (1988) McKay (10th Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Mark S. Snyderman 1990 1991 Chicago (1989) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Ashby D. Boyle II (shared with Burger) 1990 1991 Columbia (1990) None
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Stuart Banner 1991 1992 Stanford (1988) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Caroline M. Brown 1991 1992 Harvard (1990) R. B. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Linda R. Helyar (Meyer) 1991 1992 Berkeley (1987) W. Norris (9th Cir.) / Legge (N.D. Cal.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Crystal Nix(-Hines) (shared with Marshall) 1991 1992 Harvard (1990) W. Norris (9th Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Austin C. Schlick 1991 1992 Yale (1990) Mikva (D.C. Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Matthew D. Adler 1992 1993 Yale (1991) H. Edwards (D.C. Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor E. Vaughn Dunnigan 1992 1993 Columbia (1989) Browning (9th Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Amy F. Kett 1992 1993 Harvard (1991) Silberman (D.C. Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Jeffrey A. Lamken 1992 1993 Stanford (1990) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Katherine L. Adams 1993 1994 Chicago (1992) S. Breyer (1st Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor James Forman, Jr. 1993 1994 Yale (1992) W. Norris (9th Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Mark A. Perry 1993 1994 Chicago (1991) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Eugene Volokh 1993 1994 UCLA (1992) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Viet D. Dinh 1994 1995 Harvard (1993) Silberman (D.C. Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Elizabeth L. Earle (Beske) 1994 1995 Columbia (1993) Wald (D.C. Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor David G. Ellen 1994 1995 Harvard (1992) R. B. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.)/ S. Breyer (1st Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor David C. Kravitz 1994 1995 Michigan (1993) S. Breyer (1st Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Stuart F. Delery (shared with White) 1994 1995 Yale (1993) Tjoflat (11th Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Sean W. Gallagher 1995 1996 Michigan (1994) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Gretchen C. Rubin 1995 1996 Yale (1994) Leval (2d Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Julia B. Shelton (Ambrose) 1995 1996 Vanderbilt (1994) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Simon A. Steel 1995 1996 Chicago (1990) S. Breyer (1st Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Rebecca A. Beynon 1996 1997 Texas (1994) Randolph (D.C. Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Brian M. Hoffstadt 1996 1997 UCLA (1995) C. Hall (9th Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor William J. Nardini 1996 1997 Yale (1994) Calabresi (2d Cir.) / Cabranes (2d Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Patricia L. Small (Bellia) 1996 1997 Yale (1995) Cabranes (2d Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Lisa Kern Griffin 1997 1998 Stanford (1996) D. W. Nelson (9th Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Srikanth Srinivasan 1997 1998 Stanford (1995) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Matthew F. Stowe 1997 1998 Harvard (1996) Luttig (4th Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Silvija A. Strikis 1997 1998 Georgetown (1995) H. Edwards (D.C. Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Sandra Slack Glover 1998 1999 Chicago (1997) Posner (7th Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Oona A. Hathaway 1998 1999 Yale (1997) Wald (D.C. Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Traci L. Jones (Lovitt) 1998 1999 Duke (1997) R. Winter (2d Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Michael A. Scodro 1998 1999 Yale (1996) Cabranes (2d Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Leslie A. Hakala 1999 2000 Yale (1997) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Bradley W. Joondeph 1999 2000 Stanford (1994) Tacha (10th Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Noah A. Levine 1999 2000 Columbia (1997) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Shirley D. Woodward 1999 2000 Georgetown (1998) Silberman (D.C. Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Richard A. Bierschbach 2000 2001 Michigan (1997) Randolph (D.C. Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Jennifer M. Mason McAward 2000 2001 NYU (1998) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Tamarra D. Matthews(-Johnson) 2000 2001 Yale (1998) J. A. W. Rogers (D.C. Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Stanley J. Panikowski 2000 2001 Virginia (1999) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Carolyn J. Frantz 2001 2002 Michigan (2000) Tatel (D.C. Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Michelle T. Friedland 2001 2002 Stanford (2000) Tatel (D.C. Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Jeremy J. Gaston 2001 2002 Texas (1999) P. Higginbotham (5th Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Anup Malani 2001 2002 Chicago (2000) S. Williams (D.C. Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Emily J. Henn 2002 2003 Georgetown (1999) Niemeyer (4th Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Justin A. Nelson 2002 2003 Columbia (2000) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Allyson P. Newton (Ho) 2002 2003 Chicago (2000) Wiener (5th Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Cristina M. Rodriguez 2002 2003 Yale (2000) Tatel (D.C. Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Janet R. Carter 2003 2004 NYU (2001) Posner (7th Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Sean C. Grimsley 2003 2004 Michigan (2000) H. Edwards (D.C. Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor RonNell A. Jones 2003 2004 Ohio State (2000) W. Fletcher (9th Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Sambhav N. Sankar 2003 2004 Berkeley (2000) W. Fletcher (9th Cir.) / L. Pollak (E.D. Pa.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Joel C. Beauvais 2004 2005 NYU (2002) H. Edwards (D.C. Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Theane D. Evangelis 2004 2005 NYU (2003) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Joshua A. Klein 2004 2005 Stanford (2002) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Tali F. Farhadian (Weinstein) 2004 January 31, 2006 Yale (2003) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Benjamin J. Horwich 2005 January 31, 2006 Stanford (2003) Becker (3d Cir.) / V. Walker (N.D. Cal.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Amy N. Kapczynski 2005 2006 Yale (2003) Calabresi (2d Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor Alexander ("Sasha") Volokh 2005 January 31, 2006 Harvard (2004) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor (retired) Justin Driver (shared with Breyer) 2006 2007 Harvard (2004) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor (retired) Heidi Bond (shared with Kennedy) 2007 2008 Michigan (2006) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor (retired) Isaac J. Lidsky (shared with Ginsburg) 2008 2009 Harvard (2004) Ambro (3d Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor (retired) Joshua A. Deahl (shared with Kennedy) 2009 2010 Michigan (2006) Benavides (5th Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor (retired) Kristen E. Eichensehr (shared with Sotomayor) 2010 2011 Yale (2008) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor (retired) Candice Chiu (Wong) (shared with Sotomayor) 2011 2012 Harvard (2008) Kavanaugh (D.C. Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor (retired) Eric F. Citron (shared with Kagan) 2012 2013 Yale (2007) Robertson (D.D.C.) / Tatel (D.C. Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor (retired) Julia A. Malkina (shared with Breyer) 2013 2014 Yale (2011) Kavanaugh (D.C. Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor (retired) Eli N. Savit (shared with Ginsburg) 2014 2015 Michigan (2010) Tatel (D.C. Cir.) / Bea (9th Cir.)
8 102 Sandra Day O'Connor (retired) Sarah G. Boyce (Goldsticker) 2015 2016 Duke (2012) Sutton (6th Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito Adam G. Ciongoli February 2006 July 2006 Georgetown (1995) Alito (3d Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito Benjamin J. Horwich January 2006 July 2006 Stanford (2003) O'Connor / Becker (3d Cir.) / V. Walker (N.D. Cal.)
8 110 Samuel Alito Hannah Clayson Smith February 2006 July 2006 BYU (2001) C. Thomas / Alito (3d Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito Alexander ("Sasha") Volokh January 2006 July 2006 Harvard (2004) O'Connor / Kozinski (9th Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito Michael S. Lee 2006 2007 BYU (1997) Alito (3d Cir.) / Benson (D. Utah)
8 110 Samuel Alito Christopher J. Paolella 2006 2007 Harvard (1999) Alito (3d Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito Matthew A. Schwartz 2006 2007 Columbia (2003) Alito (3d Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito Gordon D. Todd 2006 2007 Virginia (2000) Beam (8th Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito James A. Hunter 2007 2008 Yale (2004) Alito (3d Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito Geoffrey J. Michael 2007 2008 Yale (2000) Alito (3d Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito David H. Moore 2007 2008 BYU (1996) Alito (3d Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito Jessica E. Phillips 2007 2008 Northwestern (2006) Flaum (7th Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito Dana R. Irwin (Remus) 2008 2009 Yale (2002) Scirica (3d Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito Andrew S. Oldham 2008 2009 Harvard (2005) Sentelle (D.C. Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito Michael H. Park 2008 2009 Yale (2001) Alito (3d Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito Jack L. White 2008 2009 Pepperdine (2003) Alito (3d Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito Amit Agarwal 2009 2010 Georgetown (2004) Kavanaugh (D.C. Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito K. Winn Allen 2009 2010 Virginia (2008) Sutton (6th Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito Jaynie Randall Lilley 2009 2010 Yale (2006) Cabranes (2d Cir.) / M. Patel (N.D. Cal.)
8 110 Samuel Alito Lucas C. Townsend 2009 2010 Seton Hall (2004) Barry (3d Cir.) / Ackerman (D.N.J.)
8 110 Samuel Alito John W. Cerreta 2010 2011 Cornell (2005) Chagares (3d Cir.) / Alito (3d Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito Steven J. Menashi 2010 2011 Stanford (2008) D. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito Garrick A. Sevilla 2010 2011 Duke (2007) J.R. Brown (D.C. Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito Tara Stuckey (Morrissey) 2010 2011 Notre Dame (2007) Sutton (6th Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito Sarah K. Campbell 2011 2012 Duke (2009) W. Pryor (11th Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito Anthony J. Dick 2011 2012 Stanford (2010) Griffith (D.C. Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito William R. Levi 2011 2012 Yale (2010) Scirica (3d Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito Ryan D. Newman 2011 2012 Texas (2007) Edmondson (11th Cir.) / Leon (D.D.C.)
8 110 Samuel Alito Brian W. Barnes 2012 2013 Yale (2010) Griffith (D.C. Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito Emily J. Kennedy 2012 2013 Duke (2010) Batchelder (6th Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito Claire McCusker Murray 2012 2013 Yale (2009) Kavanaugh (D.C. Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito Ryan J. Watson 2012 2013 GW (2007) J.R. Brown (D.C. Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito Zina Gelman (Bash) 2013 2014 Harvard (2007) Kavanaugh (D.C. Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito Kyle D. Hawkins 2013 2014 Minnesota (2009) E. Jones (5th Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito Paul J. Ray 2013 2014 Harvard (2011) Livingston (2d Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito Megan M. Dilhoff (Wold) 2013 2014 Notre Dame (2011) Sutton (6th Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito William C. Marra 2014 2015 Harvard (2012) W. Pryor (11th Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito Michael H. McGinley 2014 2015 Harvard (2009) Gorsuch (10th Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito Aaron L. Nielson 2014 2015 Harvard (2007) J. E. Smith (5th Cir.) / J. R. Brown (D.C. Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito Maureen Berard (Soles) 2014 2015 Georgetown (2011) Scirica (3d Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito Jonathan A. Berry 2015 2016 Columbia (2011) J. E. Smith (5th Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito James A. ("Jim") Ligtenberg 2015 2016 Yale (2010) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito Barbara A. Smith (Grieco) 2015 2016 Stanford (2012) Griffith (D.C. Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito Lucas Walker 2015 2016 Harvard (2009) Gorsuch (10th Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito Sopan Joshi February 2016 2016 Northwestern (2013) Scalia / Feinerman (N.D. Ill.)/Posner (7th Cir)
8 110 Samuel Alito Michael E. Kenneally February 2016 2016 Harvard (2011) Scalia / Gorsuch (10th Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito Jose J. Alicea 2016 Harvard (2013) O'Scannlain (9th Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito Benjamin J. Cassady 2016 Yale (2013) Griffith (D.C. Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito Nicole C. Frazer (hired by Scalia) 2016 Virginia (2015) Sutton (6th Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito Alex Potapov 2016 Yale (2008) S. Williams (D.C. Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito Sean Mirski (hired by Scalia) 2017 Harvard (2015) Kavanaugh (D.C. Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito Kevin M. Neylan Jr. 2017 Harvard (2015) O'Scannlain (9th Cir.)
8 110 Samuel Alito Stephen J. Petrany 2017 Yale (2014) W. Pryor (11th Cir.
8 110 Samuel Alito James R. Saywell 2017 Ohio State (2014) McKeague (6th Cir.) / Sutton (6th Cir.)
9 38 Stephen Johnson Field Irwin B. Linton 1889 1895 GW-Columbian (1876)
9 38 Stephen Johnson Field Clarence M. York 1896 1897 M. W. Fuller
9 57 Joseph McKenna James Cecil Hooe 1898 1911
9 57 Joseph McKenna Ashton F. Embry 1911 December 16, 1919
9 57 Joseph McKenna Robert G. Cogswell 1919 1924 Harvard
9 73 Harlan F. Stone Robert G. Cogswell 1925 1925 Harvard J. McKenna
9 73 Harlan F. Stone Alfred McCormack 1925 1926 Columbia (1925)
9 73 Harlan F. Stone Milton C. Handler 1926 1927 Columbia (1926)
9 73 Harlan F. Stone Francis X. Downey 1927 1928 Columbia (1927)
9 73 Harlan F. Stone Oliver Boutwell Merrill, Jr. 1928 1929 Columbia (1928)
9 73 Harlan F. Stone Adrian Coulter Leiby 1929 1930 Columbia (1929)
9 73 Harlan F. Stone Wilbur H. Friedman 1930 1931 Columbia (1930)
9 73 Harlan F. Stone Walter F. Gellhorn 1931 1932 Columbia (1931)
9 73 Harlan F. Stone Herbert Wechsler 1932 1933 Columbia (1931)
9 73 Harlan F. Stone Howard C. Westwood 1933 1934 Columbia (1933)
9 73 Harlan F. Stone Warner W. Gardner 1934 1935 Columbia (1934)
9 73 Harlan F. Stone Thomas Everett Harris 1935 1936 Columbia (1935)
9 73 Harlan F. Stone Harold Leventhal 1937 1938 Columbia (1936) none
9 73 Harlan F. Stone Louis Lusky 1937 1938 Columbia (1937)
9 73 Harlan F. Stone Alexis C. Coudert 1938 1939 Columbia (1938)
9 73 Harlan F. Stone Allison Dunham 1939 1941 Columbia (1939)
9 82 Robert H. Jackson John F. Costelloe 1941 1943 Harvard (1940)
9 82 Robert H. Jackson Phil C. Neal 1943 1945 Harvard (1943) none
9 82 Robert H. Jackson Murray Gartner 1945 1947 Harvard (1945) none
9 82 Robert H. Jackson James M. Marsh 1947 1949 Temple (1947)
9 82 Robert H. Jackson Howard C. Buschman, Jr. 1949 1950 Albany (1949) none
9 82 Robert H. Jackson Alan Y. Cole 1949 1950 Yale (1949)
9 82 Robert H. Jackson John F. Cushman 1950 1951 Cornell (1949) Edgerton (D.C. Cir.)
9 82 Robert H. Jackson C. George Niebank, Jr. 1950 1952 Buffalo (1950)
9 82 Robert H. Jackson William H. Rehnquist 1952 1953 Stanford (1952) none
9 82 Robert H. Jackson Donald B. Cronson 1952 1953 Chicago (1948)
9 82 Robert H. Jackson E. Barrett Prettyman, Jr. 1953 1954 Virginia (1953) none
9 89 John Marshall Harlan II William T. Lifland 1955 1955 Harvard (1952) J.M. Harlan (2d Cir.)
9 89 John Marshall Harlan II E. Barrett Prettyman, Jr. 1955 1955 Virginia (1953) Frankfurter / R. H. Jackson
9 89 John Marshall Harlan II Wayne G. Barnett 1955 1956 Harvard (1953)
9 89 John Marshall Harlan II Leonard M. Leiman 1955 1956 Harvard (1954) L. Hand (2d Cir.)
9 89 John Marshall Harlan II Paul M. Bator 1956 1957 Harvard (1956) none
9 89 John Marshall Harlan II Norbert A. Schlei 1956 1957 Yale (1956)
9 89 John Marshall Harlan II Norman Dorsen 1957 1958 Harvard (1953) Magruder (1st Cir.)
9 89 John Marshall Harlan II Henry J. Steiner 1957 1958 Harvard (1955)
9 89 John Marshall Harlan II Henry P. Sailer 1958 1959 Harvard (1954)
9 89 John Marshall Harlan II Stephen Shulman 1958 1959 Yale (1958)
9 89 John Marshall Harlan II Jay A. Erens 1959 1960 Harvard (1959)
9 89 John Marshall Harlan II Howard Lesnick 1959 1960 Columbia (1958) none
9 89 John Marshall Harlan II Charles Fried 1960 1961 Columbia (1960) none
9 89 John Marshall Harlan II Philip B. Heymann 1960 1961 Harvard (1960) none
9 89 John Marshall Harlan II Nathan Lewin 1961 1962 Harvard (1960) Lumbard (2d Cir.)
9 89 John Marshall Harlan II John B. Rhinelander 1961 1962 Virginia (1961)
9 89 John Marshall Harlan II Richard J. Hiegel 1962 1963 Columbia (1962)
9 89 John Marshall Harlan II David L. Shapiro 1962 1963 Harvard (1957) none
9 89 John Marshall Harlan II R. Kent Greenawalt 1963 1964 Columbia (1963)
9 89 John Marshall Harlan II Lloyd L. Weinreb 1963 1964 Harvard (1962) Lumbard (2d Cir.)
9 89 John Marshall Harlan II Michael M. Maney 1964 1965 Penn (1964)
9 89 John Marshall Harlan II Charles R. Nesson 1964 1965 Harvard (1965) none
9 89 John Marshall Harlan II Michael Boudin 1965 1966 Harvard (1964) Friendly (2d Cir.)
9 89 John Marshall Harlan II Matthew Nimetz 1965 1967 Harvard (1965)
9 89 John Marshall Harlan II Charles Lister 1966 1968 GW (1966)
9 89 John Marshall Harlan II Bert W. Rein 1966 1967 Harvard (1964)
9 89 John Marshall Harlan II Louis R. Cohen 1967 1968 Harvard (1966)
9 89 John Marshall Harlan II Thomas B. Stoel, Jr. 1967 1969 Harvard (1966)
9 89 John Marshall Harlan II Bruce A. Ackerman 1968 1969 Yale (1967) Friendly (2d Cir.)
9 89 John Marshall Harlan II Paul Brest 1968 1969 Harvard (1965) Aldrich (1st Cir.)
9 89 John Marshall Harlan II Charles L. Fabrikant 1969 1970 Columbia (1968) Leventhal (D.C. Cir.)
9 89 John Marshall Harlan II William T. Lake 1969 1970 Stanford (1968) Friendly (2d Cir.)
9 89 John Marshall Harlan II Robert H. Mnookin 1969 1970 Harvard (1968) McGowan (D.C. Cir.)
9 89 John Marshall Harlan II Marvin L. ("Monty") Gray, Jr. 1970 1971 Harvard (1969) Friendly (2d Cir.)
9 89 John Marshall Harlan II Thomas G. Krattenmaker 1970 1971 Columbia (1968)
9 89 John Marshall Harlan II Martin D. Minsker 1970 September 23, 1971 Harvard (JD, 1969; LLM, 1970) none
9 89 John Marshall Harlan II James R. Bieke 1971 September 23, 1971 Michigan (1970) Lumbard (2d Cir.)
9 89 John Marshall Harlan II Allen R. Snyder 1971 September 23, 1971 Harvard (1971) none
9 100 William Rehnquist Frederick W. Lambert January 7, 1972 July 1972 Michigan (1969) S. Barnes (9th Cir.)
9 100 William Rehnquist Michael J. Meehan January 7, 1972 July 1972 Arizona (1971) none
9 100 William Rehnquist Allen R. Snyder January 7, 1972 July 1972 Harvard (1971) Harlan II
9 100 William Rehnquist L. Gordon Harriss 1972 1973 Columbia (1971) Hays (2d Cir.)
9 100 William Rehnquist James A. Strain 1972 1973 Indiana (1969) Hastings (7th Cir.)
9 100 William Rehnquist Robert W. Wild 1972 1973 Cornell (1970) none
9 100 William Rehnquist C. Michael Buxton 1973 1974 Kentucky (1971) none
9 100 William Rehnquist H. Bartow Farr, III 1973 1974 Arizona State (1973) none
9 100 William Rehnquist Fredericka Paff (Church) 1973 1974 Stanford (1969) Duniway (9th Cir.)
9 100 William Rehnquist William S. Jacobs 1974 1975 Duke (1973) G. Bell (5th Cir.)
9 100 William Rehnquist John M. Nannes 1974 1975 Michigan (1973) R. Robb (D.C. Cir.)
9 100 William Rehnquist John E. O'Neill 1974 1975 Texas (1973) none
9 100 William Rehnquist Craig M. Bradley 1975 1976 Virginia (1970) none
9 100 William Rehnquist William S. Eggeling 1975 1976 Boston University (1974) L. Campbell (1st Cir.)
9 100 William Rehnquist John M. Mason 1975 1976 Washington & Lee (1973)
9 100 William Rehnquist Donald B. Ayer 1976 1977 Harvard (1975) Wilkey (D.C. Cir.)
9 100 William Rehnquist Michael Q. Eagan 1976 1977 Stanford (1974) Sneed (9th Cir.)
9 100 William Rehnquist Thomas H. Jackson 1976 1977 Yale (1975) Frankel (S.D.N.Y.)
9 100 William Rehnquist Barton H. Thompson, Jr. 1977 1978 Stanford (1976) Sneed (9th Cir.)
9 100 William Rehnquist Michael B. Wallace 1977 1978 Virginia (1976) H. Walker (Miss.)
9 100 William Rehnquist Michael K. Young 1977 1978 Harvard (1976) Kaplan (Mass.)
9 100 William Rehnquist Charles J. Cooper 1978 1979 Alabama (1977) Roney (5th Cir.)
9 100 William Rehnquist Robert T. Haar 1978 1979 Yale (1977) Leventhal (D.C. Cir.)
9 100 William Rehnquist Mark R. Kravitz 1978 1979 Georgetown (1975) Hunter (3d Cir.)
9 100 William Rehnquist James R. Asperger 1979 1980 UCLA (1978) Mosk (Cal.)
9 100 William Rehnquist Maureen E. Mahoney 1979 1980 Chicago (1978) Sprecher (7th Cir.)
9 100 William Rehnquist W. Thomas McGough 1979 1980 Virginia (1978) Seitz (3d Cir.)
9 100 William Rehnquist Dean C. Colson 1980 1981 Miami (1979) Fay (5th Cir.)
9 100 William Rehnquist Robert B. Knauss 1980 1981 Michigan (1979) Mansfield (2d Cir.)
9 100 William Rehnquist John G. Roberts, Jr. 1980 1981 Harvard (1979) Friendly (2d Cir.)
9 100 William Rehnquist David G. Campbell 1981 1982 Utah (1979) J. C. Wallace (9th Cir.)
9 100 William Rehnquist Brett L. Dunkelman 1981 1982 Arizona (1980) Copple (D. Ariz.)
9 100 William Rehnquist Parker C. Folse, III 1981 1982 Texas (1980) Sneed (9th Cir.)
9 100 William Rehnquist Ronald L. Blunt 1982 1983 Missouri (1981) R. Robb (D.C. Cir.)
9 100 William Rehnquist Gary B. Born 1982 1983 Penn (1981) Friendly (2d Cir.)
9 100 William Rehnquist David B. Jaffe 1982 1983 Chicago (1981) Browning (9th Cir.)
9 100 William Rehnquist Michael K. Kellogg 1983 1984 Harvard (1982) Wilkey (D.C. Cir.)
9 100 William Rehnquist Scott G. Knudson[4] 1983 1984 Minnesota (1982) Tamm (D.C. Cir.)
9 100 William Rehnquist Kerri L. Martin (Bartlett) 1983 1984 Virginia (1982) Hunter (3d Cir.)
9 100 William Rehnquist John C. Englander 1984 1985 Boston University (1983) Aldrich (1st Cir.)
9 100 William Rehnquist William F. Jung 1984 1985 Illinois (1983) Tjoflat (11th Cir.)
9 100 William Rehnquist Alan B. Vickery 1984 1985 Columbia (1983) Feinberg (2d Cir.)
9 100 William Rehnquist Randall D. Guynn 1985 1986 Virginia (1984) J. C. Wallace (9th Cir.)
9 100 William Rehnquist Joseph L. Hoffmann 1985 1986 Washington (1984) Kravitch (11th Cir.)
9 100 William Rehnquist H. Geoffrey Moulton 1985 1986 Columbia (1984) Feinberg (2d Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Gary S. Lawson 1986 1987 Yale (1983) Scalia (D.C. Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Lee Liberman (Otis) 1986 1987 Chicago (1983) Scalia (D.C. Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Roy W. McLeese III 1986 1987 NYU (1985) Scalia (D.C. Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Gene C. Schaerr (shared with Burger) 1986 1987 Yale (1985) Starr (D.C. Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Patrick J. Schiltz 1986 1987 Harvard (1985) Scalia (D.C. Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Richard D. Bernstein 1987 1988 Columbia (1986) Kearse (2d Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Steven G. Calabresi 1987 1988 Yale (1983) Bork (D.C. Cir.) / R. Winter (2d Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Paul T. Cappuccio 1987 1988 Harvard (1986) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Gregory S. Dovel (shared with Burger) 1987 1988 Harvard (1986) J. C. Wallace (9th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Robert H. Tiller 1987 1988 Virginia (1986) S. Williams (D.C. Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Wendy E. Ackerman 1988 1989 Chicago (1987) S. Williams (D.C. Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Richard P. Bress 1988 1989 Stanford (1987) S. Williams (D.C. Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia D. Cameron Findlay 1988 1989 Harvard (1987) S. Williams (D.C. Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia William K. Kelley (shared with Burger) 1988 1989 Harvard (1987) Starr (D.C. Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia John F. Manning 1988 1989 Harvard (1985) Bork (D.C. Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Bradford R. Clark 1989 1990 Columbia (1985) Bork (D.C. Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Bruce L. Hay 1989 1990 Harvard (1988) W. Norris (9th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Von G. Keetch (shared with Burger) 1989 1990 BYU (1987) G. Pratt (2d Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Kristin A. Linsley (Myles) 1989 1990 Harvard (1988) D. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Henry Weissmann 1989 1990 Yale (1987) Buckley (D.C. Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Christopher Landau 1990 1991 Harvard (1989) C. Thomas (D.C. Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia L. Lawrence Lessig 1990 1991 Yale (1989) Posner (7th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Alan J. Meese 1990 1991 Chicago (1989) Easterbrook (7th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Michael D. Ramsey 1990 1991 Stanford (1989) J. C. Wallace (9th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Brian D. Boyle 1991 1992 Harvard (1986) Silberman (D.C. Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Daniel P. Collins 1991 1992 Stanford (1988) D. W. Nelson (9th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Jeffrey S. Sutton (shared with Powell) 1991 1992 Ohio State (1990) Meskill (2d Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia M. Edward Whelan III 1991 1992 Harvard (1985) J. C. Wallace (9th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Jeffrey M. Wintner 1991 1992 Harvard (1989) Silberman (D.C. Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Alex M. Azar II 1992 1993 Yale (1991) Luttig (4th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia John F. Duffy 1992 1993 Chicago (1989) S. Williams (D.C. Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia David E. Nahmias 1992 1993 Harvard (1991) Silberman (D.C. Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Andrew J. Nussbaum 1992 1993 Chicago (1991) R. B. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Paul D. Clement 1993 1994 Harvard (1992) Silberman (D.C. Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Louis E. Feldman 1993 1994 Penn (1992) J. C. Wallace (9th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Mark R. Filip 1993 1994 Harvard (1992) S. Williams (D.C. Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Emmet T. Flood 1993 1994 Yale (1991) R. Winter (2d Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Griffith L. Green 1994 1995 Chicago (1993) Luttig (4th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Joan L. Larsen 1994 1995 Northwestern (1993) Sentelle (D.C. Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Howard Shelanski 1994 1995 Berkeley (1992) S. Williams (D.C. Cir.) / L. Pollak (E.D. Pa.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia C. Adrian Vermeule 1994 1995 Harvard (1993) Sentelle (D.C. Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Kathleen S. Beecher (Moore) 1995 1996 Yale (1993) R. Winter (2d Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Charles S. Duggan 1995 1996 Harvard (1994) Silberman (D.C. Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Joseph D. Kearney 1995 1996 Harvard (1989) O'Scannlain (9th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Theodore W. Ullyot 1995 1996 Chicago (1994) Luttig (4th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia John E. Fee 1996 1997 Chicago (1995) Easterbrook (7th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Christine M. Jolls 1996 1997 Harvard (1993) S. Williams (D.C. Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Howard M. Radzely 1996 1997 Harvard (1995) Luttig (4th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Glen E. Summers 1996 1997 Penn (1994) J. C. Wallace (9th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia J. Scott Ballenger 1997 1998 Virginia (1996) J. C. Wallace (9th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Anthony J. Bellia, Jr. 1997 1998 Notre Dame (1994) O'Scannlain (9th Cir.) / Skretny (W.D.N.Y.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Noel J. Francisco 1997 1998 Chicago (1996) Luttig (4th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Rachel Barkow 1997 1998 Harvard (1996) Silberman (D.C. Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Amy Coney (Barrett) 1998 1999 Notre Dame (1997) Silberman (D.C. Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Kevin B. Huff 1998 1999 Columbia (1996) D. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.) / Cote (S.D.N.Y.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Ara Lovitt 1998 1999 Stanford (1997) Luttig (4th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Stephen A. Miller 1998 1999 Northwestern (1997) Flaum (7th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Jordan B. Hansell 1999 2000 Michigan (1998) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Joel D. Kaplan 1999 2000 Harvard (1998) Luttig (4th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Kannon K. Shanmugam 1999 2000 Harvard (1998) Luttig (4th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Mary Beth Brookshire Young 1999 2000 Chicago (1998) Sentelle (D.C. Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Kevin P. Martin 2000 2001 Columbia (1999) Silberman (D.C. Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Julian W. Poon 2000 2001 Harvard (1999) Luttig (4th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Aaron D. Van Oort 2000 2001 Chicago (1999) Posner (7th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Eric B. Wolff 2000 2001 Berkeley (1998) S. Williams (D.C. Cir.) / W. Fletcher (9th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Shay Dvoretzky 2001 2002 Yale (2000) Luttig (4th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Susan E. Engel 2001 2002 NYU (2000) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Brian T. Fitzpatrick 2001 2002 Harvard (2000) O'Scannlain (9th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Edward R. Morrison 2001 2002 Chicago (2000) Posner (7th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Jonathan F. Mitchell 2002 2003 Chicago (2001) Luttig (4th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Brian J. Murray 2002 2003 Notre Dame (2001) O'Scannlain (9th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia John C. O'Quinn 2002 2003 Harvard (2001) Sentelle (D.C. Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Gil Seinfeld 2002 2003 Harvard (2000) Calabresi (2d Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Benjamin L. Hatch 2003 2004 Harvard (2002) Luttig (4th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia C. Scott Hemphill 2003 2004 Stanford (2001) Posner (7th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Robert K. Kry 2003 2004 Yale (2002) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Kevin C. Walsh 2003 2004 Harvard (2002) Niemeyer (4th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Curtis E. Gannon 2004 2005 Chicago (1998) E. Jones (5th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia William M. Jay 2004 2005 Harvard (2001) O'Scannlain (9th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Tara S. Kole 2004 2005 Harvard (2003) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia John R. Phillips 2004 2005 Chicago (2003) Luttig (4th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia John C. Demers 2005 2006 Harvard (1999) O'Scannlain (9th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Scott P. Martin 2005 2006 Columbia (2004) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia D. John Sauer 2005 2006 Harvard (2004) Luttig (4th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Evan A. Young 2005 2006 Yale (2004) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Daniel A. Bress 2006 2007 Virginia (2005) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Louis A. Chaiten 2006 2007 Northwestern (1998) Sutton (6th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Joshua S. Lipshutz 2006 2007 Stanford (2005) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Hashim M. Mooppan 2006 2007 Harvard (2005) Luttig (4th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Aditya Bamzai 2007 2008 Chicago (2004) Sutton (6th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia John F. Bash, III 2007 2008 Harvard (2006) Kavanaugh (D.C. Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Bryan M. Killian 2007 2008 Harvard (2005) Niemeyer (4th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Rachel P. Kovner 2007 2008 Stanford (2006) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Jameson R. Jones 2008 2009 Stanford (2007) Sutton (6th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Jacob (Yaakov) Roth 2008 2009 Harvard (2007) Boudin (1st Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Moshe Y. Spinowitz 2008 2009 Harvard (2006) Boudin (1st Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia David C. Thompson 2008 2009 Stanford (2007) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Jonathan C. Bond 2009 2010 GW (2008) Sutton (6th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Steven P. Lehotsky 2009 2010 Harvard (2002) D. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Daniel M. Sullivan 2009 2010 Chicago (2008) O'Scannlain (9th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Katherine I. Twomey 2009 2010 Virginia (2008) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Robert W. Allen 2010 2011 Harvard (2009) Boudin (1st Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Matthew S. Owen 2010 2011 Michigan (2008) Gorsuch (10th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Adam G. Unikowsky 2010 2011 Harvard (2007) D. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Jason M. Wilcox 2010 2011 Chicago (2009) Sutton (6th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Donald Burke 2011 2012 Virginia (2008) Kethledge (6th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Rebecca L. Krauss 2011 2012 Yale (2010) Kavanaugh (D.C. Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Carlo D. ("Carl") Marchioli 2011 2012 Harvard (2010) Colloton (8th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia John S. Moran 2011 2012 Virginia (2010) Sutton (6th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Adam I. Klein 2012 2013 Columbia (2011) Kavanaugh (D.C. Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Ian J. Samuel 2012 2013 NYU (2008) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Danielle R. Sassoon (Katz) 2012 2013 Yale (2011) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Eric C. Tung 2012 2013 Chicago (2010) Gorsuch (10th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Katherine Mims Crocker 2013 2014 Virginia (2012) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Kevin F. King 2013 2014 Northwestern (2010) Niemeyer (4th Cir.) / Randolph (D.C. Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Paul Alessio Mezzina 2013 2014 Harvard (2008) Kavanaugh (D.C. Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Ryan J. Walsh 2013 2014 Chicago (2012) O'Scannlain (9th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Samuel E. Eckman 2014 2015 Chicago (2013) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Benjamin M. Flowers 2014 2015 Chicago (2012) Ikuta (9th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Judd E. Stone 2014 2015 Northwestern (2010) E. Jones (5th Cir.) / Winfree (Alaska)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Vivek Suri 2014 2015 Harvard (2013) Sutton (6th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Sopan Joshi 2015 February 2016 Northwestern (2013) Feinerman (N.D. Ill.)/Posner (7th Cir)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Michael Kenneally 2015 February 2016 Harvard (2011) Gorsuch (10th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Taylor A.R. Meehan 2015 February 2016 Chicago (2013) W. Pryor (11th Cir.)
9 103 Antonin Scalia Jonathan D. Urick 2015 February 2016 Virginia (2013) Sutton (6th Cir.) / Thapar (E.D.K.Y.)
10 41 Joseph P. Bradley Charles Wood
10 41 Joseph P. Bradley Eldwin Raphael Hayden
10 53 George Shiras, Jr. Eldwin Raphael Hayden 1893
10 59 William R. Day Luther Day 1903 1903
10 59 William R. Day Stephen Albion Day 1906 1906 Michigan (did not graduate; admitted to bar, 1907) M. Fuller
10 59 William R. Day Rufus Day 1907 1911
10 59 William R. Day Rufus Day 1917 1919
10 71 Pierce Butler John F. Cotter 1923 1939 Catholic (1921)
10 71 Pierce Butler William A.D. Dyke 1923 1924 Georgetown (1921) Pitney
10 71 Pierce Butler Norris Darrell[4] 1923[9] 1925 Minnesota (1923)
10 71 Pierce Butler Richard L. Sullivan 1927 1928 Minnesota (1926)
10 71 Pierce Butler William Devereaux Donnelly 1928 1936 Minnesota (1928)
10 71 Pierce Butler Irving Clark 1937 1938 Harvard (1937)
10 71 Pierce Butler Luther E. (“L.E.”) Jones, Jr. 1938 1939 Texas (1937)
10 80 Frank Murphy Edwin E. Huddleson 1940 1940 Harvard (1938) A. Hand (2d Cir.)
10 80 Frank Murphy John J. Adams 1940 1941 Michigan (1940) none
10 80 Frank Murphy John H. Pickering 1941 1943 Michigan (1940) none
10 80 Frank Murphy Eugene Gressman 1943 1948 Michigan (1940) none
10 80 Frank Murphy John R. Dykema 1948 1949 Michigan (1947)
10 80 Frank Murphy Thomas L. Tolan 1948 1949 Michigan (1948)
10 80 Frank Murphy J.R. Swenson 1948 1949 Michigan (1948)
10 80 Frank Murphy William J. Schrenk, Jr. 1949 1950 Michigan (1949)
10 86 Tom C. Clark Percy D. Williams, Jr. 1949 1949 Harvard (1946)
10 86 Tom C. Clark Donald F. Turner 1950 1951 Yale (1950)
10 86 Tom C. Clark Stuart W. Thayer 1951 1952 Yale (1951) none
10 86 Tom C. Clark C. Richard Walker 1951 1952 Chicago (1950)
10 86 Tom C. Clark Vester T. Hughes 1952 1952 (drafted, Korean War) Harvard (1952) none
10 86 Tom C. Clark Frederick M. Rowe 1952 1953 Yale (1952) none
10 86 Tom C. Clark Bernard Weisberg 1952 1953 Chicago (1952)
10 86 Tom C. Clark Ellis H. McKay 1953 1954 Penn (1953)
10 86 Tom C. Clark Ernest Rubenstein 1953 1954 Yale (1953) none
10 86 Tom C. Clark William Kenneth Jones 1954 1955 Columbia (1954) none
10 86 Tom C. Clark John Kaplan 1954 1955 Harvard (1954) none
10 86 Tom C. Clark Robert W. Hamilton 1955 1956 Chicago (1955) none
10 86 Tom C. Clark John E. Nolan 1955 1956 Georgetown (1955) none
10 86 Tom C. Clark John J. Crown 1956 1957 Northwestern (1956)
10 86 Tom C. Clark Harry L. Hobson 1956 1957 NYU (1956)
10 86 Tom C. Clark Robert Gorman 1957 1958 Notre Dame (1957)
10 86 Tom C. Clark William D. Powell 1957 1958 SMU (1957) none
10 86 Tom C. Clark Charles H. Phillips 1958 1959 USC (1958)
10 86 Tom C. Clark Max O. Truitt, Jr. 1958 1959 Yale (1958)
10 86 Tom C. Clark Larry E. Temple 1959 1960 Texas (1959) none
10 86 Tom C. Clark Cecil Wray, Jr. 1959 1960 Yale (1959) none
10 86 Tom C. Clark Carl Estes, II 1960 1961 Texas (1960)
10 86 Tom C. Clark Malachy T. Mahon 1960 1961 Fordham (1960)
10 86 Tom C. Clark James E. Knox 1961 1962 Houston (LLB 1961?; JD 1964)
10 86 Tom C. Clark Burk W. Mathes, Jr. 1961 1962 Harvard (1961)
10 86 Tom C. Clark Raymond L. Brown 1962 1963 Mississippi (1962) none
10 86 Tom C. Clark Martin J. Flynn 1962 1963 Indiana (1962)
10 86 Tom C. Clark James L. McHugh, Jr. 1963 1964 Villanova (1963)
10 86 Tom C. Clark James H. Pipkin, Jr. 1963 1964 Harvard (1963)
10 86 Tom C. Clark Michael Maupin 1964 1965 Virginia (1964)
10 86 Tom C. Clark Shannon H. Ratliff 1964 1965 Texas (1964) none
10 86 Tom C. Clark Lee A. Freeman, Jr. 1965 1966 Harvard (1965) none
10 86 Tom C. Clark Charles D. Reed 1965 1966 Texas A&M (1965)
10 86 Tom C. Clark Marshall Groce 1966 1967 St. Mary's (1966)
10 86 Tom C. Clark Stuart Philip Ross 1966 1967 GW (1966) none
10 86 Tom C. Clark (retired) J. Larry Nichols (shared with Warren) 1967 1968 Michigan (1967)
10 86 Tom C. Clark (retired) Jerry W. Snider (shared with Burger) 1969 1970 Houston (1969)
10 86 Tom C. Clark (retired) C. Taylor Ashworth (shared with Brennan) 1971 1972 Texas (1971)
10 86 Tom C. Clark (retired) Thomas Wilson Reavley 1972 1973 Harvard (1972)
10 86 Tom C. Clark (retired) Stafford Hutchinson 1973 1974 Texas (1971)
10 86 Tom C. Clark (retired) William M. Hannay 1974 1975 Georgetown (1975) Bright (8th Cir.)
10 86 Tom C. Clark (retired) Thomas D. Corrigan 1975 1976 Case Western (1975)
10 86 Tom C. Clark (retired) J. Thomas Marten 1976 1977 Washburn (1976)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Peter Van N. Lockwood 1967 1968 Harvard (1968) Aldrich (1st Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Gary D. Wilson 1968 1969 Stanford (1968)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Stephen M. Tennis 1968 1969 Stanford (1967) Duniway (9th Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Thomas C. Grey 1969 1970 Yale (1968) J. S. Wright (D.C. Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Lewis D. Sargentich 1970 1971 Harvard (1970)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Paul D. Gewirtz 1971 1972 Yale (1970) Frankel (S.D.N.Y.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Stephen A. Saltzburg 1971 1972 Penn (1970) Weigel (N.D. Cal.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Barbara D. Underwood 1971 1972 Georgetown (1969) Bazelon (D.C. Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Louis Michael Seidman 1972 1973 Harvard (1971) J. S. Wright (D.C. Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Mark V. Tushnet 1972 1973 Yale (1971) McCree (6th Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Ira M. Feinberg 1973 1974 Harvard (1972) J. S. Wright (D.C. Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Bernard J. Carl 1973 1974 Virginia (1972)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall William C. Bryson 1974 1975 Texas (1973) Friendly (2d Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Douglas H. Ginsburg 1974 1975 Chicago (1973) McGowan (D.C. Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Karen Hastie Williams 1974 1975 Catholic (1973) S. Robinson (D.C. Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Kevin T. Baine 1975 1976 Penn (1974) Weinfeld (S.D.N.Y.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Gregory L. Diskant 1975 1976 Columbia (1974) J. S. Wright (D.C. Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Daniel Segal 1975 1976 Harvard (1973) Bazelon (D.C. Cir)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall David A. Barrett 1975 1976 Columbia (1974) Feinberg (2d Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall David M. Silberman 1975 1976 Harvard (1975)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Christopher R. Lipsett (shared with Reed, Brennan, Stewart and Blackmun) 1975 1976 Penn (1974) I. Goldberg (5th Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Susan Low Bloch 1976 1977 Michigan (1975) S. Robinson (D.C. Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Ellen M. Semonoff (Meltzer) 1976 1977 Harvard (1975)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Allan B. Taylor 1976 1977 Harvard (1975) J. S. Wright (D.C. Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Vicki C. Jackson 1977 1978 Yale (1975) M. Lasker (S.D.N.Y.) / Gurfein (2d Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Miles N. Ruthberg 1977 1978 Harvard (1976) McGowan (D.C. Cir)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Phillip L. Spector 1977 1978 Harvard (1976) Oakes (2d Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Sondra E. Berchin 1978 1979 UCLA (1977) Oakes (2d Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Deborah L. Rhode 1978 1979 Yale (1977) Gurfein (2d Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Robert N. Weiner 1978 1979 Yale (1977) Friendly (2d Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall David G. Norrell 1978 1979 Virginia (1977)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Janet Cooper Alexander 1979 1980 Berkeley (1978) Hufstedler (9th Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Philip P. Frickey 1979 1980 Michigan (1978) Wisdom (5th Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Cass R. Sunstein 1979 1980 Harvard (1978) Kaplan (Mass.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Richard W. Clary 1979 1980 Harvard (1978) Mansfield (2d Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Stephen L. Carter 1980 1981 Yale (1979) S. Robinson (D.C. Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Martha L. Minow 1980 1981 Yale (1979) Bazelon (D.C. Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Adebayo Ogunlesi 1980 1981 Harvard (1979)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall John Siciliano 1980 1981 Columbia (1979) Feinberg (2d Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Stephen I. Glover 1981 1982 Harvard (1980) J. S. Wright (D.C. Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Kenneth W. Simons 1981 1982 Michigan (1978) Oakes (2d Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Virginia Whitner (Hoptman) 1981 1982 Virginia (1980) Seitz (3d Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall David B. Wilkins 1981 1982 Harvard (1980) Feinberg (2d Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Bruce A. Green 1982 1983 Columbia (1981) Oakes (2d Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Edwin G. Schallert 1982 1983 Harvard (1981) J.S. Wright (D.C. Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Paul Mogin 1982 1983 Harvard (1980) Friendly (2d Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Lawrence P. Tu 1982 1983 Harvard (1981) Mansfield (2d Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall William W. Fisher, III 1983 1984 Harvard (1982) H. Edwards (D.C. Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Gay Gellhorn 1983 1984 Seattle (1982) Oakes (2d Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Howell E. Jackson 1983 1984 Harvard (1982) Newman (2d Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Randall L. Kennedy 1983 1984 Yale (1982) J. S. Wright (D.C. Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Walter A. Kamiat 1984 1985 Stanford (1983) J. S. Wright (D.C. Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Richard H. Pildes 1984 1985 Harvard (1983) Mikva (D.C. Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Richard L. Revesz 1984 1985 Yale (1983) Feinberg (2d Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Nicole Seligman 1984 1985 Harvard (1983) H. Edwards (D.C. Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Rebecca Latham Brown 1985 1986 Georgetown (1984) S. Robinson (D.C. Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Paul G. Mahoney 1985 1986 Yale (1984) R. Winter (2d Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Daniel C. Richman 1985 1986 Yale (1984) Feinberg (2d Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Jonathan T. Weinberg 1985 1986 Columbia (1983) R. B. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Glen M. Darbyshire 1986 1987 Georgia (1984) F. Johnson (11th Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Eben Moglen 1986 1987 Yale (1985) Weinfeld (S.D.N.Y.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Margaret Raymond 1986 1987 Columbia (1985) Oakes (2d Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Rosemary Herbert 1986 1987 Yale (1985) Feinberg (2d Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Elena Kagan 1987 1988 Harvard (1986) Mikva (D.C. Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Harry P. Litman 1987 1988 Berkeley (1986) Mikva (D.C. Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Carol S. Steiker 1987 1988 Harvard (1986) J. S. Wright (D.C. Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Michael P. Doss 1987 1988 Harvard (1986) J. Oakes (2d Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Paul A. Engelmayer 1988 1989 Harvard (1987) Wald (D.C. Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Margaret E. Tahyar 1988 1989 Columbia (1987) Bork (D.C. Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Jonathan D. Schwartz 1988 1989 Stanford (1986) H. Edwards (D.C. Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Debra L. W. Cohn 1988 1989 NYU (1987) Oakes (2d Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall H. Elizabeth Garrett 1989 1990 Virginia (1988) S. Williams (D.C. Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Gregory M. Priest 1989 1990 Stanford (1988) D. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Jordan M. Steiker 1989 1990 Harvard (1988) L. Pollak (E.D. Pa.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Michael A. Vatis 1989 1990 Harvard (1988) R. B. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Scott Brewer 1990 1991 Yale (1989) H. Edwards (D.C. Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Sheryll D. Cashin 1990 1991 Harvard (1989) Mikva (D.C. Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Michael D. Davis 1990 1991 Harvard (1989) Oakes (2d Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall Dan M. Kahan 1990 1991 Harvard (1989) H. Edwards (D.C. Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall (retired) Crystal Nix(-Hines) (shared with O'Connor) 1991 1992 Harvard (1990) W. Norris (9th Cir.)
10 96 Thurgood Marshall (retired) Radhika Rao (shared with Blackmun) 1992 1993 Harvard (1990) Cudahy (7th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Gregory G. Katsas 1991 1992 Harvard (1989) C. Thomas (D.C. Cir.) / Becker (3d Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Christopher Landau 1991 1992 Harvard (1989) Scalia / C. Thomas (D.C. Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Gregory E. Maggs 1991 1992 Harvard (1988) Kennedy / Sneed (9th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Arnon D. Siegel 1991 1992 Yale (1988) C. Thomas (D.C. Cir.) / R. Patterson, Jr. (S.D.N.Y.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Stephen R. McAllister (shared with White) 1991 1992 Kansas (1988) B. White (twice) / Posner (7th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Steven G. Bradbury 1992 1993 Michigan (1988) Buckley (D.C. Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Jim Chen 1992 1993 Harvard (1991) Luttig (4th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Dan Himmelfarb 1992 1993 Yale (1991) Luttig (4th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Laura A. Ingraham 1992 1993 Virginia (1991) R. Winter (2d Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Karl M. Tilleman (shared with Burger) 1992 1993 BYU (1990) J. Noonan (9th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Allison Hartwell Eid 1993 1994 Chicago (1991) J. E. Smith (5th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Eric C. Nelson 1993 1994 Yale (1992) Luttig (4th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Patrick F. Philbin 1993 1994 Harvard (1992) Silberman (D.C. Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Stephen F. Smith 1993 1994 Virginia (1992) Sentelle (D.C. Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas James E. Gauch (shared with Burger) 1993 1994 Chicago (1989) D. A. Nelson (6th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Thomas R. Lee 1994 1995 Chicago (1991) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Caleb Nelson 1994 1995 Yale (1993) S. Williams (D.C. Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Saikrishna B. Prakash 1994 1995 Yale (1993) Silberman (D.C. Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas John C. Yoo 1994 1995 Yale (1992) Silberman (D.C. Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Eric A. Grant (shared with Burger]) 1994 1995 Berkeley (1990) E. Jones (5th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Gregory S. Coleman 1995 1996 Texas (1992) E. Jones (5th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Laurie Allen Gallancy (Mullig) 1995 1996 Chicago (1990) D. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Craig S. Primis 1995 1996 Harvard (1994) Luttig (4th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Helgi C. Walker 1995 1996 Virginia (1994) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Brendan P. Cullen 1996 1997 Stanford (1995) Silberman (D.C. Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas John C. Eastman 1996 1997 Chicago (1995) Luttig (4th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Erik S. Jaffe 1996 1997 Columbia (1990) D. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Michael E. O'Neill 1996 1997 Yale (1990) Sentelle (D.C. Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Arthur S. Long 1997 1998 Harvard (1993) Luttig (4th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Carl J. Nichols 1997 1998 Chicago (1995) Silberman (D.C. Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Wendy E. Stone (Long) 1997 1998 Northwestern (1995) R. Winter (2d Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas John F. Wood 1997 1998 Harvard (1995) Luttig (4th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Nicole Stelle (Garnett) 1998 1999 Yale (1995) M. Arnold (8th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Eric J. Kadel, Jr. 1998 1999 Virginia (1997) Silberman (D.C. Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Patrick L. O'Daniel 1998 1999 Texas (1992) Garwood (5th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Peter B. Rutledge 1998 1999 Chicago (1997) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Steven T. Cottreau 1999 2000 NYU (1998) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas C. Kevin Marshall 1999 2000 Chicago (1998) Luttig (4th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Kristen L. Silverberg 1999 2000 Texas (1996) Sentelle (D.C. Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Sanford I. Weisburst 1999 2000 Chicago (1998) Silberman (D.C. Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Jonathan F. Cohn 2000 2001 Harvard (1997) O'Scannlain (9th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Kathryn L. Comerford (Todd) 2000 2001 Harvard (1999) Luttig (4th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Eric D. Miller 2000 2001 Chicago (1999) Silberman (D.C. Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Ann M. Scarlett 2000 2001 Kansas (1999) Bowman (8th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Matthew B. Berry 2001 2002 Yale (1997) Silberman (D.C. Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Sigal P. Mandelker 2001 2002 Penn (2000) E. Jones (5th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Neomi J. Rao 2001 2002 Chicago (2000) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Margaret A. Ryan 2001 2002 Notre Dame (1995) Luttig (4th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Victoria Dorfman 2002 2003 Harvard (2001) Luttig (4th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Adam K. Mortara 2002 2003 Chicago (2001) P. Higginbotham (5th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas David R. Stras 2002 2003 Kansas (1999) Luttig (4th Cir.) / Brunetti (9th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Emin Toro 2002 2003 North Carolina (2001) K. Henderson (D.C. Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Richard M. Corn 2003 2004 Chicago (2002) Luttig (4th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas John A. Eisenberg 2003 2004 Yale (2002) Luttig (4th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Diane L. McGimsey 2003 2004 Berkeley (2002) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Hannah Clayson Smith 2003 2004 BYU (2001) Alito (3d Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Jennifer K. Hardy 2004 2005 Yale (2003) E. Garza (5th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Martha M. Pacold 2004 2005 Chicago (2002) Bybee (9th Cir.) / Randolph (D.C. Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Jeffrey B. Wall 2004 2005 Chicago (2003) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Henry C. Whitaker 2004 2005 Harvard (2003) Sentelle (D.C. Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Chantel Febus 2005 2006 GW (2002) E. Jones (5th Cir.) / Lamberth (D.D.C.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas James C. Ho 2005 2006 Chicago (1999) J. E. Smith (5th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas John M. Hughes 2005 2006 Chicago (2004) Luttig (4th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Ashley E. Johnson 2005 2006 Vanderbilt (2004) Luttig (4th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas John D. Adams 2006 2007 Virginia (2003) Sentelle (D.C. Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas David A. Bragdon 2006 2007 Virginia (2002) S. Williams (D.C. Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Adam M. Conrad 2006 2007 Georgia (2005) Sentelle (D.C. Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Brandt Leibe 2006 2007 Yale (2005) Luttig (4th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Eric D. McArthur 2007 2008 Chicago (2005) Luttig (4th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Carrie Severino 2007 2008 Harvard (2004) Sentelle (D.C. Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Heath P. Tarbert 2007 2008 Penn (2001) D. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Leila K. Thompson 2007 2008 NYU (2005) Sentelle (D.C. Cir.) / Lamberth (D.D.C.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas William S. Consovoy 2008 2009 George Mason (2001) E. Jones (5th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Claire J. Evans 2008 2009 Rutgers – Camden (2002) Sentelle (D.C. Cir.) / Chertoff (3d Cir.) / Simandle (D.N.J.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Jennifer L. Mascott 2008 2009 GW (2006) Kavanaugh (D.C. Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Patrick N. Strawbridge 2008 2009 Creighton (2004) H. Dana (Maine) / M. Arnold (8th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Tyler R. Green 2009 2010 Utah (2005) McConnell (10th Cir.) / Cassell (D. Utah)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Brian P. Morrissey, Jr. 2009 2010 Notre Dame (2007) O'Scannlain (9th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Elizabeth P. Papez 2009 2010 Harvard (1999) Boggs (6th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Marah C. Stith 2009 2010 Yale (2006) O'Scannlain (9th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Matthew A. Fitzgerald 2010 2011 Virginia (2008) Carnes (11th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Allison B. Jones 2010 2011 Duke (2007) Sentelle (D.C. Cir.) / Gorsuch (10th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Elbert Lin 2010 2011 Yale (2003) Keeton (D. Mass) / W. Pryor (11th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas William R. Peterson 2010 2011 Texas (2008) E. Jones (5th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Liam P. Hardy 2011 2012 Georgetown (2008) Ryan (C.A.A.F.) / Sentelle (D.C. Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Brian C. Lea 2011 2012 Georgia (2009) Carnes (11th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Matthew B. ("Matt") Nicholson 2011 2012 Virginia (2009) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Michelle S. Stratton 2011 2012 LSU (2009) E. Jones (5th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Robert L. Dunn 2012 2013 Chicago (2010) O'Scannlain (9th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas David M. Morrell 2012 2013 Yale (2010) E. Jones (5th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Kenton J. Skarin 2012 2013 Northwestern (2009) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Janet Y. Galeria 2012 2013 Berkeley (2011) Griffith (D.C. Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Rebekah S. Perry (Ricketts) 2013 2014 Yale (2010) Cabranes (2d Cir.) / R. Sullivan (S.D.N.Y.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Andrew A. Pinson 2013 2014 Georgia (2011) Sentelle (D.C. Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Brian D. Schmalzbach 2013 2014 Virginia (2010) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Katherine C. Yarger 2013 2014 Duke (2008) Gorsuch (10th Cir.) / Eid (Colo.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Jennifer M. Bandy 2014 2015 Duke (2012) W. Pryor (11th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas G. Brinton Lucas 2014 2015 Virginia (2011) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Haley Nix (Proctor) 2014 2015 Yale (2012) Griffith (D.C. Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Robert N. Stander 2014 2015 BYU (2011) Sutton (6th Cir.) / Lee (Utah)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Sarah M. Harris 2015 2016 Harvard (2009) Lynch (1st Cir.)/Silberman (D.C. Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Robert J. Leider 2015 2016 Yale (2012) Sykes (7th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Marisa C. Maleck (Johnson) 2015 2016 Chicago (2011) W. Pryor (11th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Scott G. Stewart 2015 2016 Stanford (2008) O'scannlain (9th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Taylor A.R. Meehan February 2016 2016 Chicago (2013) Scalia / W. Pryor (11th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Jonathan D. Urick February 2016 2016 Virginia (2013) Scalia / Sutton (6th Cir.) / Thapar (E.D.K.Y.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Andrew N. Ferguson 2016 Virginia (2012) K. Henderson (D.C. Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Kasdin M. Mitchell 2016 Yale (2012) W. Pryor (11th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Austin L. Raynor 2016 Virginia (2013) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Jacob T. Spencer 2016 Harvard (2012) Smith (5th Cir.) / O'Scannlain (9th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Gregory F. Miller (hired by Scalia) 2017 Berkeley (2012) Thapar (E.D.K.Y.) / Carnes (11th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Gilbert C. Dickey 2017 Chicago (2012) W. Pryor (11th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Brittney Lane 2017 Pepperdine (2012) O'Scannlain (9th Cir.) / Sutton (6th Cir.)
10 106 Clarence Thomas Cameron T. Norris 2017 Vanderbilt (2014) W. Pryor (11th Cir.) / K. Henderson (D.C. Cir.)


See also[edit]
Law clerk
List of law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States:
Chief Justice
Seat 1
Seat 2
Seat 3
Seat 4
Seat 6
Seat 8
Seat 9
Seat 10
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ For example, Chief Justice Rehnquist usually hired only three.
Jump up ^ To sort, click on the arrow in the header. To sort by multiple columns, click on the first column's sort arrow, then shift-click on subsequent columns' sort arrows.
Note that for this very large table, it takes many seconds to render and display any sort changes.
Jump up ^ There are nine seats on the U.S. Supreme Court. When a justice leaves the Court, a replacement is appointed to that same seat.
The Chief Justice seat was established by the Constitution and organized on September 24, 1789 by the Judiciary Act of 1789 1 Stat. 73.
Seat 5 was established on September 24, 1789, by the Judiciary Act of 1789 1 Stat. 73. It was abolished by the Judicial Circuits Act 14 Stat. 209 on July 5, 1867, before the court established the practice of hiring law clerks.
Seat 6 was established on February 24, 1807 by the Seventh Circuit Act 2 Stat. 420.
Seats 7 and 8 were established on March 3, 1837, by the Eighth and Ninth Circuits Act 5 Stat. 176. Seat 7 was abolished by the Judicial Circuits Act 14 Stat. 209 on July 23, 1866, before the court established the practice of hiring law clerks.
Seat 9 was established on March 3, 1863 by the Tenth Circuit Act 12 Stat. 794.
Seat 10 was established on April 10, 1869 by the Circuit Judges Act of 1869 16 Stat. 44.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Peppers, Todd C. (2006). Courtiers of the Marble Palace: The Rise and Influence of the Supreme Court Law Clerk. Stanford University Press.
Jump up ^ "Gerald Gunther, Legal Scholar, Dies at 75". The New York Times. 1 August 2002. Retrieved 13 August 2016.
Jump up ^ Oliver, Myrna (2 November 2003). "John Hart Ely, 64; Constitutional Law Scholar and Author Was Often Cited by Legal Experts". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 13 August 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "Law Review Honors Its First Distinguished Alumni" (PDF). Minnesota Law Review. Fall 2005. Retrieved September 25, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Timothy D. Kelly". Dykema. Retrieved September 25, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Richard A. Posner". University of Chicago Law School. Retrieved 22 August 2016.
Jump up ^ http://law2.wlu.edu/faculty/profiledetail.asp?id=390
Jump up ^ Kluger, Richard (2004). Simple Justice: The History of Brown v. Board of Education and Black America's Struggle for Equality. Vintage Books. p. 598. ISBN 1400030617.
Jump up ^ "News Letter, Vol. 10, No. 3 (Spring 1967)". College of William and Mary Law School. Spring 1967. Retrieved September 25, 2014.
Additional sources[edit]
Baier, Paul R. (1973). “The Law Clerks: Profile of an Institution,” Vanderbilt L. Rev. 26: 1125–77.
Boskey, Bennett, "Justice Reed and His Family of Law Clerks," 69 Ky. L. J. 869 (1980–81).
Brudney, Victor and Richard F. Wolfson, “Mr. Justice Rutledge—Law Clerks’ Reflections," 35 Iowa L. Rev. (1950).
Coughlin, Anne M., "In Memoriam, Writing for Justice Powell", 99 Colum. L. Rev. 541 (1999).
Cushman, Clare, Todd C. Peppers, eds. (2015). Of Courtiers and Kings: More Stories of Supreme Court Law Clerks and Their Justices. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press. ISBN 0813937272, ISBN 9780813937274.
"Finding Aid to the Papers of Harry A. Blackmun," Library of Congress (2003, rev’d April 2010), list of clerks.
"Finding Aid to the Papers of William O. Douglas," Library of Congress (2014, rev’d Dec. 2014), p. 138, list of clerks.
"Finding Aid to Thurgood Marshall Papers," Library of Congress, list of clerks.
"Finding Aid to the William Brennan Papers," Library of Congress (2001, rev'd April 2010), list of clerks.
Freund, Paul A., "Historical Reminiscence, Justice Brandeis: A Law Clerk's Remembrance", 68 Am. Jewish Hist. 7 (1978).
"Georgia Law Alumni Who Have Clerked for a U.S. Supreme Court Justice," Advocate, Spring/Summer 2004 (listing 6 names).
"Guide to the Lewis Powell, Jr., Papers, 1921-1988," University of Virginia Library, complete list of law clerks.
"'Historical Tracker’: List of Columbia Law School Graduates that Clerked," Judicial Clerkship Program Clerkship Handbook, Appendix B, Columbia Law School (May 2, 2016). Retrieved August 20, 2016.
"Hugo LaFayette Black: A Register of His Papers in the Library of Congress." Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (2000-2001), list of law clerks.
Knox, John, Dennis J. Hutchinson, David J. Garrow (2002). The Forgotten Memoir of John Knox: A Year in the Life of a Supreme Court Clerk in FDR's Washington. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-22644-862-6.
"Law Clerks of Chief Justice Earl Warren," Regional Oral History Office, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley (2015). Retrieved August 15, 2016.
"List of law clerks," The Papers of Justice Tom C. Clark, Tarlton Law Library, University of Texas Law School. Retrieved August 11, 2016.
Mason, Alpheus T. (1946). Brandeis: a Free Man's Life. New York, NY: Viking Press. List of law clerks, p. 690. ISBN 1199565091, ISBN 978-1199565099.
Mersky, Roy M. (1958). Louis Dembitz Brandeis, 1856–1941: a Bibliography. List of law clerks, p. 11 (New Haven, CT: Published for the Yale Law Library by the Yale Law School)(44 pp).
Newland, Charles A. (June 1961). "Personal Assistants to the Supreme Court Justices: The Law Clerks," Oregon L. Rev. 40: 306–07.
Rauh, Joseph L., Jr. (1979), et al., "A Personal View of Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo: Recollections of Four Cardozo Law Clerks," 1 Cardozo L. Rev. 5.
Silber, Norman Isaac (2004). With All Deliberate Speed: The Life of Philip Elman: an Oral History Memoir. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. p. 135. ISBN 978-0472114252.
Small, Marshall L. (2007), "William O. Douglas Remembered (A Collecive Memory of WOD'S Law Clerks)", Journal of Supreme Court History 32.
Stanford Law School, Photo Directory, 1991-1992, faculty bios describing clerkships.
Student newspapers and law school alumni magazines (search "'supreme court' clerk"): Harvard Law Today, Harvard Crimson (e.g., "Felix Frankfurter Dies; Retired Judge Was 82," Harvard Crimson, February 23, 1965), Columbia Daily Spectator, Yale Daily News, Stanford Daily, Daily Californian, The Daily Pennsylvanian, University of Chicago Maroon, Cornell Daily Sun, Cavalier Daily (Virginia), and Georgetown Hoya.
University of Michigan clerks to the Supreme Court, 1991-2017, University of Michigan Law School Web site (2016). Retrieved September 20, 2016.
Ward, Artemus and David L. Weiden (2006). Sorcerers' Apprentices: 100 Years of Law Clerks at the United States Supreme Court. New York, NY: New York University Press. ISBN 978-0814794203, ISBN 0814794203.
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Thailand
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Siam" redirects here. For other uses, see Siam (disambiguation).

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Coordinates: 15.4°N 101.3°E

Kingdom of Thailand
ราชอาณาจักรไทย
Ratcha-anachak Thai
Flag of Thailand
Emblem of Thailand
Flag Emblem
Anthem: Phleng Chat Thai
(English: "Thai National Anthem")
MENU0:00
Royal anthem: Sansoen Phra Barami
(English: "Glorify His prestige")
MENU0:00
Location of Thailand (green)in ASEAN (dark grey) – [Legend]
Location of Thailand (green)
in ASEAN (dark grey) – [Legend]
Location of Thailand
Capital
and largest city Bangkok
13°45′N 100°29′E
Official languages Thai[1]
Spoken languages
Isan Kam Mueang Pak Tai
Ethnic groups (2009;[6] 2011[3]:95-99)
Thai
∟ 34.1% Central Thai
∟ 24.9% Khon Isan[2]
∟ 9.9% Khon Muang
∟ 7.5% Southern Thai [3]:95-99 [4][5]
14% Thai Chinese
12% Others (incl. Malay, Mon, Khmer, "Hill tribes")
Religion
93.2% Buddhism
5.5% Islam
0.9% Christianity
0.1% Hinduism
0.3% Unaffiliated[7]
Demonym Thai
Siamese (archaic)
Government
Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy (de jure)
Military junta (de facto)
• Monarch
Maha Vajiralongkorn
• Prime Minister
Prayut Chan-o-cha
Legislature National Legislative Assembly
Formation
• Sukhothai Kingdom
1238–1448
• Ayutthaya Kingdom
1351–1767
• Thonburi Kingdom
1768–1782
• Rattanakosin Kingdom
6 April 1782
• Constitutional monarchy
24 June 1932
• Current constitution
22 May 2014[8]
Area
• Total
513,120 km2 (198,120 sq mi) (51st)
• Water (%)
0.4 (2,230 km2)
Population
• 2015 estimate
67,959,000[9] (20th)
• 2010 census
64,785,909[10]
• Density
132.1/km2 (342.1/sq mi) (88th)
GDP (PPP) 2016 estimate
• Total
US$1.152 trillion[11]
• Per capita
US$16,706[11]
GDP (nominal) 2016 estimate
• Total
US$409.724 billion[11]
• Per capita
US$5,938[11]
Gini (2010) 39.4[12]
medium
HDI (2014) Increase 0.726[13]
high · 93rd
Currency Baht (฿) (THB)
Time zone ICT (UTC+7)
Drives on the left
Calling code +66
ISO 3166 code TH
Internet TLD
.th
.ไทย
You may need rendering support to display the Thai text in this article correctly.
Thailand (/ˈtaɪlænd/ ty-land or /ˈtaɪlənd/ ty-lənd;[14] Thai: ประเทศไทย, rtgs: Prathet Thai, pronounced [pra.tʰêːt tʰaj] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Thailand (Thai: ราชอาณาจักรไทย, rtgs: Ratcha-anachak Thai [râːt.t͡ɕʰa.ʔaː.naː.t͡ɕàk tʰaj] ( listen)), formerly known as Siam (Thai: สยาม, rtgs: Sayam [sa.jǎːm]), is a country at the centre of the Indochinese peninsula in Southeast Asia. With a total area of approximately 513,000 km2 (198,000 sq mi), Thailand is the world's 51st-largest country. It is the 20th-most-populous country in the world, with around 66 million people. The capital and largest city is Bangkok.

Thailand is a constitutional monarchy and has switched between parliamentary democracy and military junta for decades, the latest coup being in May 2014 by the National Council for Peace and Order. Its capital and most populous city is Bangkok. It is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Myanmar. Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast, and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest.

The Thai economy is the world's 20th largest by GDP at PPP and the 27th largest by nominal GDP. It became a newly industrialised country and a major exporter in the 1990s. Manufacturing, agriculture, and tourism are leading sectors of the economy.[15][16] It is considered a middle power in the region and around the world.[17]

Contents [hide]
1 Etymology
1.1 Etymology of "Siam"
1.2 Etymology of "Thailand"
2 History
2.1 20th century
2.2 World War II
2.3 Historical gallery
3 Politics and government
3.1 Constitutional history
3.2 28 June 1932
3.3 1932 to 1973
3.4 1973 to 1997
3.5 1997 to 2001
3.6 2001 to 2008
3.6.1 2006 coup d'état
3.7 2008–2010 political crisis
3.8 2013–2014 political crisis
3.9 2014 coup d'état
3.10 2014 to present
4 Administrative divisions
4.1 Southern region
5 Foreign relations
6 Armed forces
7 Geography
7.1 Climate
7.2 Environment
7.3 Wildlife
8 Education
9 Science and technology
9.1 Internet
10 Economy
10.1 Recent economic history
10.2 Exports and manufacturing
10.3 Tourism
10.4 Agriculture
10.5 Energy
10.6 Transportation
11 Demographics
11.1 Ethnic groups
11.2 Population centres
11.3 Language
11.4 Religion
12 Culture
12.1 Cuisine
12.2 Media
12.3 Units of measurement
13 Sports
13.1 Sporting venues
14 Sport events
14.1 Multi-sport event
14.2 International sports federations events
15 Beauty pageants
15.1 Women's pageants
16 International rankings
17 See also
18 References
18.1 Bibliography
19 External links
Etymology
Etymology of "Siam"
The country has always been called Mueang Thai by its citizens. By outsiders prior to 1949, it was usually known by the exonym Siam (Thai: สยาม rtgs: Sayam, pronounced [sajǎːm], also spelled Siem, Syâm, or Syâma).[citation needed] The word Siam has been identified[by whom?] with the Sanskrit Śyāma (श्याम, meaning "dark" or "brown"). The names Shan and A-hom seem to be variants of the same word. The word Śyâma is possibly not its origin, but a learned and artificial distortion.[clarification needed][18] Another theory is the name derives from Chinese: "Ayutthaya emerged as a dominant centre in the late fourteenth century. The Chinese called this region Xian, which the Portuguese converted into Siam." (Baker and Phongpaichit, A History of Thailand, 8)


SPPM Mongkut Rex Siamensium, King Mongkut's signature
The signature of King Mongkut (r. 1851 – 1868) reads SPPM (Somdet Phra Poramenthra Maha) Mongkut King of the Siamese, giving the name "Siam" official status until 24 June 1939 when it was changed to Thailand.[19] Thailand was renamed Siam from 1945 to 11 May 1949, after which it again reverted to Thailand.

Etymology of "Thailand"
According to George Cœdès, the word Thai (ไทย) means "free man" in the Thai language, "differentiating the Thai from the natives encompassed in Thai society as serfs."[20] A famous Thai scholar argued that Thai (ไท) simply means "people" or "human being", since his investigation shows that in some rural areas the word "Thai" was used instead of the usual Thai word "khon" (คน) for people.[21]

While Thai people will often refer to their country using the polite form prathet Thai (Thai: ประเทศไทย), they most commonly use the more colloquial term mueang Thai (Thai: เมืองไทย) or simply Thai, the word mueang, archaically a city-state, commonly used to refer to a city or town as the centre of a region. Ratcha Anachak Thai (Thai: ราชอาณาจักรไทย) means "kingdom of Thailand" or "kingdom of Thai". Etymologically, its components are: ratcha (Sanskrit raja "king, royal, realm") ; -ana- (Pali āṇā "authority, command, power", itself from an Old Indo-Aryan form ājñā of the same meaning) -chak (from Sanskrit चक्र cakra- "wheel", a symbol of power and rule). The Thai National Anthem (Thai: เพลงชาติ), written by Luang Saranupraphan during the extremely patriotic 1930s, refers to the Thai nation as: prathet Thai (Thai: ประเทศไทย). The first line of the national anthem is: prathet thai ruam lueat nuea chat chuea thai (Thai: ประเทศไทยรวมเลือดเนื้อชาติเชื้อไทย), "Thailand is the unity of Thai flesh and blood."

History
Main article: History of Thailand
There is evidence of human habitation in Thailand that has been dated at 40,000 years before the present, with stone artifacts dated to this period at Tham Lod Rockshelter in Mae Hong Son. Similar to other regions in Southeast Asia, Thailand was heavily influenced by the culture and religions of India, starting with the Kingdom of Funan around the 1st century CE to the Khmer Empire.[22] Thailand in its earliest days was under the rule of the Khmer Empire, which had strong Hindu roots, and the influence among Thais remains even today.


The ruins of Wat Chaiwatthanaram at Ayutthaya
Indian influence on Thai culture was partly the result of direct contact with Indian settlers, but mainly it was brought about indirectly via the Indianized kingdoms of Dvaravati, Srivijaya, and Cambodia.[23] E.A. Voretzsch believes that Buddhism must have been flowing into Siam from India in the time of the Indian Emperor Ashoka of the Maurya Empire and far on into the first millennium after Christ.[23] Later Thailand was influenced by the south Indian Pallava dynasty and north Indian Gupta Empire.[23]

According to George Cœdès, "The Thai first enter history of Farther India in the eleventh century with the mention of Syam slaves or prisoners of war in" Champa epigraphy, and "in the twelfth century, the bas-reliefs of Angkor Wat" where "a group of warriors" are described as Syam. Additionally, "the Mongols, after the seizure of Ta-li on January 7, 1253 and the pacification of Yunnan in 1257, did not look with disfavor on the creation of a series of Thai principalities at the expense of the old Indianized kingdoms." The Menam Basin was originally populated by the Mons, and the location of Dvaravati in the 7th century, followed by the Khmer Empire in the 11th. The History of the Yuan mentions an embassy from the kingdom of Sukhothai in 1282. In 1287, three Thai chiefs, Mangrai, Ngam Muang, and Ram Khamhaeng formed a "strong pact of friendship".[24]

After the fall of the Khmer Empire in the 13th century, various states thrived there, established by the various Tai peoples, Mons, Khmers, Chams and Ethnic Malays, as seen through the numerous archaeological sites and artefacts that are scattered throughout the Siamese landscape. Prior to the 12th century however, the first Thai or Siamese state is traditionally considered to be the Buddhist Sukhothai Kingdom, which was founded in 1238.

Following the decline and fall of the Khmer empire in the 13th–15th century, the Buddhist Tai kingdoms of Sukhothai, Lanna, and Lan Xang (now Laos) were on the rise. However, a century later, the power of Sukhothai was overshadowed by the new Kingdom of Ayutthaya, established in the mid-14th century in the lower Chao Phraya River or Menam area.


Stupas, Ayutthaya Historical Park
Ayutthaya's expansion centred along the Menam while in the northern valleys the Lanna Kingdom and other small Tai city-states ruled the area. In 1431, the Khmer abandoned Angkor after Ayutthaya forces invaded the city.[25] Thailand retained a tradition of trade with its neighbouring states, from China to India, Persia, and Arab lands. Ayutthaya became one of the most vibrant trading centres in Asia. European traders arrived in the early 16th century, beginning with the envoy of Portuguese duke Afonso de Albuquerque in 1511, followed by the French, Dutch, and English. The Burmese–Siamese War (1765–1767) left Ayutthaya burned and sacked by King Hsinbyushin Konbaung.

After the fall of Ayutthaya in 1767 to the Burmese, Taksin moved the capital to Thonburi for approximately 15 years. The current Rattanakosin era of Thai history began in 1782 following the establishment of Bangkok as capital of the Chakri dynasty under King Rama I the Great. According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, "A quarter to a third of the population of some areas of Thailand and Burma were slaves in the 17th through the 19th centuries."[26][27]

Despite European pressure, Thailand is the only Southeast Asian nation to never have been colonised.[28] This has been ascribed to the long succession of able rulers in the past four centuries who exploited the rivalry and tension between French Indochina and the British Empire. As a result, the country remained a buffer state between parts of Southeast Asia that were colonised by the two colonial powers, Great Britain and France. Western influence nevertheless led to many reforms in the 19th century and major concessions, most notably the loss of a large territory on the east side of the Mekong to the French and the step-by-step absorption by Britain of the Shan and Karen people areas and Malay Peninsula.

20th century

Territorial losses to western powers by year
As part of the concessions which the Chakri dynasty offered to the British Empire in return for their support, Siam ceded four predominantly ethnic-Malay southern provinces to the British Empire in the Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909. These four provinces (Kelantan,Tringganu, Kedah, Perlis) would later became Malaysia's four northern states.

In 1917, Siam joined the Allies of World War I and is counted as one of the victors of World War I.

In 1932, a bloodless revolution carried out by the Khana Ratsadon group of military and civilian officials resulted in a transition of power, when King Prajadhipok was forced to grant the people of Siam their first constitution, thereby ending centuries of absolute monarchy.

In 1939, the name of the kingdom, "Siam", was changed to "Thailand".

World War II
Main article: Thailand in World War II
During World War II, the Empire of Japan demanded the right to move troops across Thailand to the Malayan frontier. The Japanese invasion of Thailand on 8 December 1941 occurred in co-ordination with attacks throughout Asia and engaged the Royal Thai Army for six to eight hours before Plaek Phibunsongkhram ordered an armistice. Shortly thereafter, Japan was granted free passage, and on 21 December 1941, Thailand and Japan signed a military alliance with a secret protocol, wherein Tokyo agreed to help Thailand regain territories lost to the British and French.[29]

Subsequently, Thailand declared war on the United States and the United Kingdom on 25 January 1942, and undertook to "assist" Japan in its war against the Allies, while at the same time maintaining an active anti-Japanese Free Thai Movement. Approximately 200,000 Asian labourers (mainly romusha) and 60,000 Allied prisoners of war (POWs) worked on the Burma Railway, which is commonly known as the "Death Railway".[29]

After the war, Thailand emerged as an ally of the United States. As with many of the developing nations during the Cold War, Thailand then went through decades of political instability characterised by a number of coups d'état, as one military regime replaced another, but eventually progressed towards a stable, prosperous democracy in the 1980s.[citation needed]

Historical gallery

Pottery discovered near Ban Chiang in Udon Thani Province, the earliest dating to 2100 BCE


Phimai, Prasat Phimai is the largest temple in the country from the Khmer Empire.


The immense 19-metre-high (62-foot) gilded statue of a seated Buddha in Wat Phanan Choeng, the latter from 1324, pre-dates the founding of the city of Ayutthaya


A 15 metres (49 feet) Buddha image in Sukhothai, Phra Achana, built in the 13th century


Painting of Ayutthaya C 1665, by Johannes Vingboons, ordered by the Dutch East India Company


Kosa Pan presents King Narai's letter to Louis XIV at Versailles, 1 September 1686.
Politics and government
Main articles: Politics of Thailand, Constitutions of Thailand, Law of Thailand, and Government of Thailand
The politics of Thailand is currently conducted within the framework of a constitutional monarchy, whereby the Prime Minister is the head of government and a hereditary monarch is head of state. The judiciary is supposed to be independent of the executive and the legislative branches, although judicial rulings are suspected of being based on political considerations rather than on existing law.[30]

Constitutional history

Bangkok's Democracy Monument: a representation of the 1932 Constitution sits on top of two golden offering bowls above a turret.
Since the political reform of the absolute monarchy in 1932, Thailand has had 19 constitutions and charters.[31][32] Throughout this time, the form of government has ranged from military dictatorship to electoral democracy, but all governments have acknowledged a hereditary monarch as the head of state.[33][34]

28 June 1932
Prior to 1932, the Kingdom of Siam did not possess a legislature, as all legislative powers were vested in the person of the monarch. This had been the case since the foundation of the Sukhothai Kingdom in the 12th century as the king was seen as a "Dharmaraja" or "king who rules in accordance with Dharma", (the Buddhist law of righteousness). However, on 24 June 1932 a group of civilians and military officers, calling themselves the Khana Ratsadon (or People's Party) carried out a bloodless revolution in which the 150 years of absolute rule of the Chakri Dynasty ended. In its stead the group advocated a constitutional form of monarchy with an elected legislature.

The "Draft Constitution" of 1932 signed by King Prajadhipok created Thailand's first legislature, a People's Assembly with 70 appointed members. The assembly met for the first time on 28 June 1932, in the Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall. The Khana Ratsadon decided that the people were not yet ready for an elected assembly. They later changed their minds. By the time the "permanent" constitution came into force in December of that year, elections were scheduled for 15 November 1933. The new constitution changed the composition of the assembly to 78 directly elected and 78 appointed (by the Khana Ratsadon), together totalling 156 members.

1932 to 1973
[icon] This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2013)
See also: History of Thailand (1932–1973) and History of Thailand since 1973
The history of Thailand from 1932 to 1973 was dominated by military dictatorships which were in power for much of the period. The main personalities of the period were the dictator Luang Phibunsongkhram (better known as Phibun), who allied the country with Japan during the Second World War, and the civilian politician Pridi Phanomyong, who founded Thammasat University and was briefly the prime minister after the war.

Japan invaded Thailand on 8 December 1941. For events subsequent to the abdication of the king, including the name change of 1939, up to the coup d'état of 1957, see Plaek Pibulsonggram.

A succession of military dictators followed Pridi's ousting — Phibun again, Sarit Dhanarajata and Thanom Kittikachorn — under whom traditional, authoritarian rule was combined with increasing modernisation and westernisation under the influence of the US. The end of the period was marked by Thanom's resignation, following a massacre of pro-democracy protesters led by Thammasat students. Thanom misread the situation as a coup d'état, and fled, leaving the country leaderless. HM appointed Thammasat University chancellor Sanya Dharmasakti PM by royal command.

Thailand helped the USA and South Vietnam in the Vietnam War between 1965–1971. The USAF based F-4 Phantom fighters at Udon and Ubon Air Base, and stationed B-52s at U-Tapao. Thai forces also saw heavy action in the covert war in Laos that occurred from 1964 to 1972.

1973 to 1997
[icon] This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2013)
See also: History of Thailand since 1973
In 1973, there was a popular uprising which resulted in the end of the ruling military dictatorship of anti-communist Thanom Kittikachorn and altered the Thai political system. Notably, it highlighted the growing influence of Thai university students in politics.

The National Student Center of Thailand (NSCT) led by Thirayuth Boonmee had begun a campaign to boycott Japanese goods in 1972. When this succeeded, the NSCT organised an all-night sit-in at Thammasat University and a march from there to Chulalongkorn University, in December 1972, to protest against the government's National Executive Council Decree No. 299. A protest rally was also held at Chiang Mai University. Finally, in June 1973, several university students from Ramkhamhaeng University were expelled for publishing a satire on the ruling government. The NSCT reacted by organising rallies to call for the reinstatement of the students. Subsequently, the government decided to close the universities which caused the rallies to grow in size, reaching 50,000. Eventually, the government relented and reinstated the students, and the rector of the university was forced to resign.

In October 1973, Thirayuth Boonmee and ten other political activists were arrested for distributing leaflets in crowded places in Bangkok and one other person accused of being a member of a group advocating early promulgation of the permanent constitution was arrested. More than 2,000 students from Thammasat University demonstrated at an anti-government rally. Violence broke out and continued on 15 October around the police headquarters, with students demanding that Thanom be removed as head of the armed forces. Only when it was announced that Thanom, Praphas, and Thanom's son, Colonel Narong Kittikachorn, who was married to Praphas' daughter, had fled the country did calm return to Bangkok. The end had come as quickly and unexpectedly as the violence had begun.

The leaders of the junta were forced to step down; they took refuge in the United States or Taiwan. However, the January 1975 elections failed to produce a stable party majority, and fresh elections in April 1976 produced the same result.

By late 1976 moderate middle class opinion had turned away from the activism of the students, who had moved increasingly to the left. The army and the right-wing parties began a propaganda war against student liberalism by accusing student activists of being 'communists' and through formal paramilitary organizations such the Village Scouts and the Red Gaurs many of those students were killed. Matters came to a head in October when Thanom returned to Thailand to enter a royal monastery, Wat Bovorn.

In 1976, students protesters occupied the Thammasat University campus and held protests over the violent deaths of the workers and staged a mock hanging of the victims, one of whom allegedly bore a resemblance to the Crown Prince. Some newspapers the following day, including the Bangkok Post, published an altered version of a photo of the event, which suggested the protestors had committed lese majeste. Rightist and ultra-conservative icons such as Samak Sundaravej blasted the protestors, instigating violent means to suppress them, culminating in the 6 October 1976 Massacre. The army unleashed the paramilitaries and mob violence followed, in which many were killed.

1997 to 2001
See also: 1997 Constitution of Thailand

Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall, the old meeting place of the National Assembly; now only the State Opening is held there

Parliament House, the meeting place of the two chambers of the National Assembly of Thailand
The 1997 Constitution was the first constitution to be drafted by popularly elected Constitutional Drafting Assembly, and was popularly called the "people's constitution".[35] The 1997 Constitution created a bicameral legislature consisting of a 500-seat House of Representatives (สภาผู้แทนราษฎร, sapha phu thaen ratsadon) and a 200-seat Senate (วุฒิสภา, wutthisapha). For the first time in Thai history, both houses were directly elected.

Many human rights were explicitly acknowledged, and measures were established to increase the stability of elected governments. The House was elected by the first past the post system, where only one candidate with a simple majority could be elected in one constituency. The Senate was elected based on the provincial system, where one province could return more than one senator depending on its population size.

The two houses of the National Assembly have two different terms. In accordance with the constitution the Senate is elected to a six-year term, while the House is elected to a four-year term. Overall the term of the National Assembly is based on that of the House. The National Assembly each year will sit in two sessions: an "ordinary session" and a "legislative session". The first session of the National Assembly must take place within thirty days after the general election of the House of Representatives. The first session must be opened by the king in person by reading a Speech from the Throne; this ceremony is held in the Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall. He may also appoint the crown prince or a representative to carry out this duty. It is also the duty of the king to prorogue sessions through a royal decree when the House term expires. The king also has the prerogative to call extraordinary sessions and prolong sessions upon advice of the House of Representatives.

The National Assembly may host a "joint-sitting" of both Houses under several circumstances. These include: The appointment of a regent, any alteration to the 1924 Palace Law of Succession, the opening of the first session, the announcement of policies by the Cabinet of Thailand, the approval of the declaration of war, the hearing of explanations and approval of a treaty and the amendment of the Constitution.

Members of the House of Representatives served four-year terms, while senators served six-year terms. The 1997 People's Constitution also promoted human rights more than any other constitution. The court system (ศาล, san) included a constitutional court with jurisdiction over the constitutionality of parliamentary acts, royal decrees, and political matters.

2001 to 2008
The January 2001 general election, the first election under the 1997 Constitution, was called the most open, corruption-free election in Thai history.[36] Thai Rak Thai Party, led by Thaksin Shinawatra won the election. The Thaksin government was the first in Thai history to complete a four-year term. The 2005 election had the highest voter turnout in Thai history,[37][38] and Thai Rak Thai Party won an absolute majority. However, despite efforts to clean up the system, vote buying and electoral violence remained electoral problems in 2005.[39]

The PollWatch Foundation, Thailand's most prominent election watchdog, declared that vote buying in this election, specifically in the north and the northeast, was more serious than in the 2001 election. The organisation also accused the government of violating the election law by abusing state power in presenting new projects in a bid to seek votes.

2006 coup d'état
See also: 2006 Thai coup d'état
Without meeting much resistance, a military junta overthrew the interim government of Thaksin Shinawatra on 19 September 2006. The junta abrogated the constitution, dissolved Parliament and the Constitutional Court, detained and later removed several members of the government, declared martial law, and appointed one of the king's Privy Counselors, General Surayud Chulanont, as the Prime Minister. The junta later wrote a highly abbreviated interim constitution and appointed a panel to draft a new permanent constitution. The junta also appointed a 250-member legislature, called by some critics a "chamber of generals" while others claimed that it lacks representatives from the poor majority.[40][41]

In this interim constitution draft, the head of the junta was allowed to remove the prime minister at any time. The legislature was not allowed to hold a vote of confidence against the cabinet and the public was not allowed to file comments on bills.[42] This interim constitution was later surpassed by the permanent constitution on 24 August 2007. Martial law was partially revoked in January 2007. The ban on political activities was lifted in July 2007,[43] following the 30 May dissolution of the Thai Rak Thai party. The new constitution was approved by referendum on 19 August, which led to a return to a democratic general election on 23 December 2007.

2008–2010 political crisis
See also: 2008–2010 Thai political crisis

People's Alliance for Democracy, yellow shirts, rally on Sukhumvit Road in 2008

United Front for Democracy Against Dictatorship, Red Shirts, protest on Ratchaprasong intersection in 2010
The People's Power Party (Thailand), led by Samak Sundaravej, formed a government with five smaller parties. Following several court rulings against him in a variety of scandals, and surviving a vote of no confidence, and protesters blockading government buildings and airports, in September 2008, Sundaravej was found guilty of conflict of interest by the Constitutional Court of Thailand (due to being a host in a TV cooking program),[44] and thus, ended his term in office.

He was replaced by PPP member Somchai Wongsawat. As of October 2008, Wongsawat was unable to gain access to his offices, which were occupied by protesters from the People's Alliance for Democracy. On 2 December 2008, Thailand's Constitutional Court in a highly controversial ruling found the Peoples Power Party[45] guilty of electoral fraud, which led to the dissolution of the party according to the law. It was later alleged in media reports that at least one member of the judiciary had a telephone conversation with officials working for the Office of the Privy Council and one other. The phone call was taped and has since circulated on the Internet. In it, the callers discuss finding a way to ensure the ruling PPP party would be disbanded. Accusations of judicial interference were levelled in the media but the recorded call was dismissed as a hoax. However, in June 2010, supporters of the eventually disbanded PPP were charged with tapping a judge's phone.

Immediately following what many media described as a "judicial coup", a senior member of the Armed Forces met with factions of the governing coalition to get their members to join the opposition and the Democrat Party was able to form a government, a first for the party since 2001. The leader of the Democrat party, and former leader of the opposition, Abhisit Vejjajiva, was appointed and sworn in as the 27th Prime Minister, together with the new cabinet on 17 December 2008.

In April 2009, protests by the National United Front of Democracy Against Dictatorship (UDD, or "Red Shirts") forced the cancellation of the Fourth East Asia Summit after protesters stormed the Royal Cliff hotel venue in Pattaya, smashing the glass doors of the venue to gain entry, and a blockade prevented the Chinese premier at the time, Wen Jiabao, from attending. The summit was eventually held in Thailand in October 2009.[46][47]

About a year later, a set of new "Red Shirts" protests resulted in 87 deaths (mostly civilian and some military) and 1,378 injured.[48] When the army tried to disperse the protesters on 10 April 2010, it was met with automatic gunfire, grenades, and fire bombs from the opposition faction in the army, known as the "watermelon". This resulted in the army returning fire with rubber bullets and some live ammunition. During the time of the "red shirt" protests against the government, there have been numerous grenade and bomb attacks against government offices and the homes of government officials. Gas grenades were fired at "yellow-shirt" protesters, who were protesting against the "red shirts" and in favor of the government, by unknown gunmen killing one pro-government protester; the government stated that the Red Shirts were firing the weapons at civilians.[49][50][51][52] Red shirts continued to hold a position in the business district of Bangkok and it was shut down for several weeks.[53]

On 3 July 2011, the oppositional Pheu Thai Party, led by Yingluck Shinawatra (the youngest sister of Thaksin Shinawatra), won the general election by a landslide (265 seats in the House of Representatives, out of 500). She had never previously been involved in politics, Pheu Thai campaigning for her with the slogan 'Thaksin thinks, Pheu Thai acts'. Yingluck is the nation's first female prime minister and her role was officially endorsed in a ceremony presided over by King Bhumibol Adulyadej. The Pheu Thai Party is a continuation of Thaksin's Thai Rak Thai party.[54]

2013–2014 political crisis
Main article: 2013–14 Thai political crisis
Protests recommenced in late 2013, as a broad alliance of protestors, led by former opposition deputy leader Suthep Thaugsuban, demanded an end to the so-called Thaksin regime. A blanket amnesty for people involved in the 2010 protests, altered at the last minute to include all political crimes – including all convictions against Thaksin – triggered a mass show of discontent, with numbers variously estimated between 98,500 (the police) and 400,000 (an aerial photo survey done by the Bangkok Post), taking to the streets. The Senate was urged to reject the bill to quell the reaction, but the measure failed. A newly named group, the People's Democratic Reform Committee (PDRC) along with allied groups, escalated the pressure, with the opposition Democrat party resigning en masse to create a parliamentary vacuum. Protesters demands variously evolved as the movement's numbers grew, extending a number of deadlines and demands that became increasingly unreasonable or unrealistic, yet attracting a groundswell of support. They called for the establishment of an indirectly elected “people’s council”—in place of Yingluck's government—that will cleanse Thai politics and eradicate the Thaksin regime.[55]

In response to the intensive protests, Yingluck dissolved parliament on 9 December 2013 and proposed a new election for 2 February 2014, a date that was later approved by the election commission.[56] The PDRC insisted that the prime minister stand down within 24 hours, regardless of her actions, with 160,000 protesters in attendance at Government House on 9 December. Yingluck insisted that she would continue her duties until the scheduled election in February 2014, urging the protesters to accept her proposal: "Now that the government has dissolved parliament, I ask that you stop protesting and that all sides work towards elections. I have backed down to the point where I don't know how to back down any further."[57]

In response to the Electoral Commission (EC)'s registration process for party-list candidates—for the scheduled election in February 2014—anti-government protesters marched to the Thai-Japanese sports stadium, the venue of the registration process, on 22 December 2013. Suthep and the PDRC led the protest, of which security forces claimed that approximately 270,000 protesters joined. Yingluck and the Pheu Thai Party reiterated their election plan and anticipate presenting a list of 125 party-list candidates to the EC.[58]

On 7 May 2014, the Constitutional Court ruled that Yingluck would have to step down as the Prime Minister as she was deemed to have abused her power in transferring a high-level government official.[59] On 21 August 2014 she was replaced by army chief General Prayut Chan-o-cha.[60]

2014 coup d'état
Main article: 2014 Thai coup d'état
On 20 May 2014 the Thai army declared martial law and began to deploy troops in the capital, denying that it was a coup attempt.[61] On 22 May, the army admitted that it was a coup and that it was taking control of the country and suspending the country's constitution.[62][63] On the same day, the military imposed a curfew between the hours of 22:00–05:00, ordering citizens and visitors to remain indoors during this period.[64][65][66][67][68] On 21 August 2014 the National Assembly of Thailand elected the army chief, General Prayut Chan-o-cha, as prime minister. Martial law was declared formally ended on 1 April 2015.[69] "Uniformed or ex-military men have led Thailand for 55 of the 83 years since absolute monarchy was overthrown in 1932,..." observed one journalist in 2015.[70]

2014 to present
The ruling junta led by Prayuth Chan-o-cha promised to hold new elections, but wants to enact a new constitution before the elections are held. An initial draft constitution was rejected by government officials in 2015. A national referendum, the first since the 2014 coup, on a newly drafted constitution is scheduled for early August 2016.[71] The new draft constitution would grant the constitutional court final authority in times of crisis, a power previously held by the King. The draft would also allow a person other than a member of parliament to be the prime minister, which would open the prime minister post to a military official. However, there remain deep disagreements regarding how much power should rest with the democratically elected government.[72] There are indications that public debate in the run up to the referendum will be severely curtailed by the military government.[71] The head of the Thai army, Gen. Theerachai Nakvanich, has announced the setting up of re-education camps for critics of the regime, "aimed at people who are still unable to understand the workings of the government and the National Council for Peace and Order".[73]

Administrative divisions
Thailand is divided into 76 provinces (จังหวัด, changwat), which are gathered into five groups of provinces by location. There are also two specially-governed districts: the capital Bangkok (Krung Thep Maha Nakhon) and Pattaya. Bangkok is at provincial level and thus often counted as a province.

Each province is divided into districts and the districts are further divided into sub-districts (tambons). As of 2006 there were 877 districts (อำเภอ, amphoe) and the 50 districts of Bangkok (เขต, khet). Some parts of the provinces bordering Bangkok are also referred to as Greater Bangkok (ปริมณฑล, pari monthon). These provinces include Nonthaburi, Pathum Thani, Samut Prakan, Nakhon Pathom and Samut Sakhon. The name of each province's capital city (เมือง, mueang) is the same as that of the province. For example, the capital of Chiang Mai Province (Changwat Chiang Mai) is Mueang Chiang Mai or Chiang Mai.

A clickable map of Thailand exhibiting its provinces.
A clickable map of Thailand exhibiting its provinces.
About this image


Southern region
See also: South Thailand insurgency

Southern provinces of Thailand showing the Malay-Muslim majority areas
Thailand controlled the Malay Peninsula as far south as Malacca in the 15th century and held much of the peninsula, including Temasek (Singapore), some of the Andaman Islands, and a colony on Java, but eventually contracted when the British used force to guarantee their suzerainty over the sultanate.

Mostly the northern states of the Malay Sultanate presented annual gifts to the Thai king in the form of a golden flower—a gesture of tribute and an acknowledgement of vassalage. The British intervened in the Malay State and with the Anglo-Siamese Treaty tried to build a railway from the south to Bangkok. Thailand relinquished sovereignty over what are now the northern Malay provinces of Kedah, Perlis, Kelantan, and Terengganu to the British. Satun and Pattani Provinces were given to Thailand.

The Malay peninsular provinces were occupied by the Japanese during World War II, and infiltrated by the Malayan Communist Party (CPM) from 1942 to 2008, when they sued for peace with the Malaysian and Thai governments after the CPM lost its support from Vietnam and China subsequent to the Cultural Revolution. Recent insurgent uprisings may be a continuation of separatist fighting which started after World War II with Sukarno's support for the PULO. Most victims since the uprisings have been Buddhist and Muslim bystanders.

Foreign relations
Main article: Foreign relations of Thailand
The foreign relations of Thailand are handled by the Minister of Foreign Affairs.

Thailand participates fully in international and regional organisations. It is a major non-NATO ally and Priority Watch List Special 301 Report of the United States. The country remains an active member of ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations. Thailand has developed increasingly close ties with other ASEAN members: Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Brunei, Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar, and Vietnam, whose foreign and economic ministers hold annual meetings. Regional co-operation is progressing in economic, trade, banking, political, and cultural matters. In 2003, Thailand served as APEC (Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation) host. Dr. Supachai Panitchpakdi, the former Deputy Prime Minister of Thailand, currently serves as Secretary-General of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). In 2005 Thailand attended the inaugural East Asia Summit.

In recent years, Thailand has taken an increasingly active role on the international stage. When East Timor gained independence from Indonesia, Thailand, for the first time in its history, contributed troops to the international peacekeeping effort. Its troops remain there today as part of a UN peacekeeping force. As part of its effort to increase international ties, Thailand has reached out to such regional organisations as the Organization of American States (OAS) and the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). Thailand has contributed troops to reconstruction efforts in Afghanistan and Iraq.

Thaksin initiated negotiations for several free trade agreements with China, Australia, Bahrain, India, and the US. The latter especially was criticised, with claims that uncompetitive Thai industries could be wiped out.[74]

Thaksin also announced that Thailand would forsake foreign aid, and work with donor countries to assist in the development of neighbours in the Greater Mekong Sub-region.[75] Thaksin sought to position Thailand as a regional leader, initiating various development projects in poorer neighbouring countries like Laos. More controversially, he established close, friendly ties with the Burmese dictatorship.[76]

Thailand joined the US-led invasion of Iraq, sending a 423-strong humanitarian contingent.[77] It withdrew its troops on 10 September 2004. Two Thai soldiers died in Iraq in an insurgent attack.

Abhisit appointed Peoples Alliance for Democracy leader Kasit Piromya as foreign minister. In April 2009, fighting broke out between Thai and Cambodian troops on territory immediately adjacent to the 900-year-old ruins of Cambodia's Preah Vihear Hindu temple near the border. The Cambodian government claimed its army had killed at least four Thais and captured 10 more, although the Thai government denied that any Thai soldiers were killed or injured. Two Cambodian and three Thai soldiers were killed. Both armies blamed the other for firing first and denied entering the other's territory.[78][79]

Armed forces
Main article: Royal Thai Armed Forces

The HTMS Chakri Naruebet, an aircraft carrier of the Royal Thai Navy
The Royal Thai Armed Forces (Thai: กองทัพไทย, Kong Thap Thai) constitute the military of the Kingdom of Thailand. It consists of the Royal Thai Army (กองทัพบกไทย), the Royal Thai Navy (กองทัพเรือไทย), and the Royal Thai Air Force (กองทัพอากาศไทย). It also incorporates various paramilitary forces.

The Thai Armed Forces have a combined manpower of 306,000 active duty personnel and another 245,000 active reserve personnel.[80] The head of the Thai Armed Forces (จอมทัพไทย, Chom Thap Thai) is the king,[81] although this position is only nominal. The armed forces are managed by the Ministry of Defence of Thailand, which is headed by the Minister of Defence (a member of the cabinet of Thailand) and commanded by the Royal Thai Armed Forces Headquarters, which in turn is headed by the Chief of Defence Forces of Thailand.[82] In 2011, Thailand's known military expenditure totalled approximately US$5.1 billion.[83]

According to the constitution, serving in the armed forces is a duty of all Thai citizens.[84] However, only males over the age of 21, who have not gone through reserve training of the Army Reserve Force Students, are given the option of volunteering for the armed forces, or participating in the random draft. The candidates are subjected to varying lengths of training, from six months to two years of full-time service, depending on their education, whether they have partially completed the reserve training course, and whether they volunteered prior to the draft date (usually 1 April every year).

Candidates with a recognised bachelor's degree serve one year of full-time service if they are conscripted, or six months if they volunteer at their district office (สัสดี, satsadi). Likewise, the training length is also reduced for those who have partially completed the three-year reserve training course (ร.ด., ro do). A person who completed one year out of three will only have to serve full-time for one year. Those who completed two years of reserve training will only have to do six months of full-time training, while those who complete three years or more of reserve training will be exempted entirely.

Royal Thai Armed Forces Day is celebrated on 18 January, commemorating the victory of Naresuan of the Ayutthaya Kingdom in battle against the crown prince of the Taungoo Dynasty in 1593.[citation needed]

Geography
Main article: Geography of Thailand

Thailand map of Köppen climate classification

View of the Luang Prabang Range, which straddles the Thai-Lao border, in Nan Province, Northern Thailand
Totalling 513,120 square kilometres (198,120 sq mi),[1] Thailand is the world's 50th-largest country by total area. It is slightly smaller than Yemen and slightly larger than Spain.


Satellite image of flooding in Thailand, Oct 2011
Thailand comprises several distinct geographic regions, partly corresponding to the provincial groups. The north of the country is the mountainous area of the Thai highlands, with the highest point being Doi Inthanon in the Thanon Thong Chai Range at 2,565 metres (8,415 ft) above sea level. The northeast, Isan, consists of the Khorat Plateau, bordered to the east by the Mekong River. The centre of the country is dominated by the predominantly flat Chao Phraya river valley, which runs into the Gulf of Thailand.

Southern Thailand consists of the narrow Kra Isthmus that widens into the Malay Peninsula. Politically, there are six geographical regions which differ from the others in population, basic resources, natural features, and level of social and economic development. The diversity of the regions is the most pronounced attribute of Thailand's physical setting.

The Chao Phraya and the Mekong River are the indispensable water courses of rural Thailand. Industrial scale production of crops use both rivers and their tributaries. The Gulf of Thailand covers 320,000 square kilometres (124,000 sq mi) and is fed by the Chao Phraya, Mae Klong, Bang Pakong, and Tapi Rivers. It contributes to the tourism sector owing to its clear shallow waters along the coasts in the southern region and the Kra Isthmus. The eastern shore of the Gulf of Thailand is an industrial centre of Thailand with the kingdom's premier deepwater port in Sattahip and its busiest commercial port, Laem Chabang.

The Andaman Sea is a precious natural resource as it hosts the most popular and luxurious resorts in Asia. Phuket, Krabi, Ranong, Phang Nga and Trang, and their islands, all lay along the coasts of the Andaman Sea and, despite the 2004 tsunami, they are a tourist magnet for visitors from around the world.

Plans have resurfaced for a canal which would connect the Andaman Sea to the Gulf of Thailand, analogous to the Suez and the Panama Canals. The idea has been greeted positively by Thai politicians as it would cut fees charged by the Ports of Singapore, improve ties with China and India, lower shipping times, and eliminate pirate attacks in the Strait of Malacca, and support the Thai government's policy of being the logistical hub for Southeast Asia. The canal, it is claimed, would improve economic conditions in the south of Thailand, which relies heavily on tourism income, and it would also change the structure of the Thai economy by making it an Asia logistical hub. The canal would be a major engineering project and has an expected cost of US$20–30 billion.

Climate
Thailand's climate is influenced by monsoon winds that have a seasonal character (the southwest and northeast monsoon).[85]:2 The southwest monsoon, which starts from May until October is characterized by movement of warm, moist air from the Indian Ocean to Thailand, causing abundant rain over most of the country.[85]:2 The northeast monsoon, starting from October until February brings cold and dry air from China over most of Thailand.[85]:2 In southern Thailand, the northeast monsoon brings mild weather and abundant rainfall on the eastern coast of that region.[85]:2 Most of Thailand has a "tropical wet and dry or savanna climate" type (Köppen's Tropical savanna climate).[86] The south and the eastern tip of the east have a tropical monsoon climate.

Thailand is divided into three seasons.[85]:2 The first is the rainy or southwest monsoon season (mid–May to mid–October) which prevails over most of the country.[85]:2 This season is characterized by abundant rain with August and September being the wettest period of the year.[85]:2 This can occasionally lead to floods.[85]:4 In addition to rainfall caused by the southwest monsoon, the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and tropical cyclones also contribute to producing heavy rainfall during the rainy season.[85]:2 Nonetheless, dry spells commonly occur for 1 to 2 weeks from June to early July.[85]:4 This is due to the northward movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone to southern China.[85]:4 Winter or the northeast monsoon starts from mid–October until mid–February.[85]:2 Most of Thailand experiences dry weather during this season with mild temperatures.[85]:2:4 The exception is the southern parts of Thailand where it receives abundant rainfall, particularly during October to November.[85]:2 Summer or the pre–monsoon season runs from mid–February until mid–May and is characterized by warmer weather.[85]:3

Due to its inland nature and latitude, the north, northeast, central and eastern parts of Thailand experience a long period of warm weather.[85]:3 During the hottest time of the year (March to May), temperatures usually reach up to 40 °C (104 °F) or more with the exception of coastal areas where sea breezes moderate afternoon temperatures.[85]:3 In contrast, outbreaks of cold air from China can bring colder temperatures; in some cases (particularly the north and northeast) close to or below 0 °C (32 °F).[85]:3 Southern Thailand is characterized by mild weather year-round with less diurnal and seasonal variations in temperatures due to maritime influences.[85]:3

Most of the country receives a mean annual rainfall of 1,200 to 1,600 mm (47 to 63 in).[85]:4 However, certain areas on the windward sides of mountains such as Ranong province in the west coast of southern Thailand and eastern parts of Trat Province receive more than 4,500 mm (180 in) of rainfall per year.[85]:4 The driest areas are on the leeward side in the central valleys and northernmost portion of south Thailand where mean annual rainfall is less than 1,200 mm (47 in).[85]:4 Most of Thailand (north, northeast, central and east) is characterized by dry weather during the northeast monsoon and abundant rainfall during the southwest monsoon.[85]:4 In the southern parts of Thailand, abundant rainfall occurs in both the northeast and southwest monsoon seasons with a peak in September for the western coast and a peak in November–January on the eastern coast.[85]:4

Environment
Thailand has a mediocre but improving performance in the global Environmental Performance Index (EPI) with an overall ranking of 91 out of 180 countries in 2016. This is also a mediocre rank in the Asia Pacific region specifically, but ahead of countries like Indonesia and China. The EPI was established in 2001 by the World Economic Forum as a global gauge to measure how well individual countries perform in implementing the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. The environmental areas where Thailand performs worst (i.e. highest ranking) are air quality (167), environmental effects of the agricultural industry (106) and the climate and energy sector (93), the later mainly because of a high CO2 emission per KWh produced. Thailand performs best (i.e. lowest ranking) in water resource management (66), with some major improvements expected for the future too, and sanitation (68).[87][88]

Wildlife
Main article: List of species native to Thailand

The population of Asian elephants in Thailand's wild has dropped to an estimated 2,000–3,000.[89]
The elephant is Thailand's national symbol. Although there were 100,000 domesticated elephants in Thailand in 1850, the population of elephants has dropped to an estimated 2,000.[89] Poachers have long hunted elephants for ivory, meat[citation needed], and hides. Young elephants are often captured for use in tourist attractions or as work animals, although their use has declined since the government banned logging in 1989. There are now more elephants in captivity than in the wild, and environmental activists claim that elephants in captivity are often mistreated.[90]

Poaching of protected species remains a major problem. Hunters have decimated the populations of tigers, leopards, and other large cats for their valuable pelts. Many animals (including tigers, bears, crocodiles, and king cobras) are farmed or hunted for their meat, which is considered a delicacy, and for their supposed medicinal properties. Although such trade is illegal, the famous Bangkok market Chatuchak is still known for the sale of endangered species.[91]

The practice of keeping wild animals as pets threatens several species. Baby animals are typically captured and sold, which often requires killing the mother. Once in captivity and out of their natural habitat, many pets die or fail to reproduce. Affected populations include the Asiatic black bear, Malayan sun bear, white-handed lar, pileated gibbon and binturong.[92]

Education
Main article: Education in Thailand

Primary school students in Thailand
In 2014 the literacy rate was 93.5%.[93] Education is provided by a well-organized school system of kindergartens, primary, lower secondary and upper secondary schools, numerous vocational colleges, and universities. The private sector of education is well developed and significantly contributes to the overall provision of education which the government would not be able to meet with public establishments. Education is compulsory up to and including age 14, with the government providing free education through to age 17.[citation needed]


Chulalongkorn University, established in 1917, is the oldest university in Thailand.
Teaching relies heavily on rote learning rather than on student-centred methodology. The establishment of reliable and coherent curricula for its primary and secondary schools is subject to such rapid changes that schools and their teachers are not always sure what they are supposed to be teaching, and authors and publishers of textbooks are unable to write and print new editions quickly enough to keep up with the volatility. Issues concerning university entrance has been in constant upheaval for a number of years. Nevertheless, Thai education has seen its greatest progress in the years since 2001. Most of the present generation of students are computer literate. Thailand was ranked 54th out of 56 countries globally for English proficiency, the second-lowest in Asia.[94]

Students in ethnic minority areas score consistently lower in standardised national and international tests.[95] [96] [97] This is likely due to unequal allocation of educational resources, weak teacher training, poverty, and low Thai language skill, the language of the tests.[95] [98] [99]

Extensive nationwide IQ tests were administered to 72,780 Thai students from December 2010 to January 2011. The average IQ was found to be 98.59, which is higher than previous studies have found. IQ levels were found to be inconsistent throughout the country, with the lowest average of 88.07 found in the southern region of Narathiwat Province and the highest average of 108.91 reported in Nonthaburi Province. The Ministry of Public Health blames the discrepancies on iodine deficiency and steps are being taken to require that iodine be added to table salt, a practice common in many Western countries.[100]

In 2013, the Ministry of Information and Communication Technology announced that 27,231 schools would receive classroom-level access to high-speed internet.[dead link][101]

Science and technology
Main article: List of Thai inventions and discoveries
The National Science and Technology Development Agency is an agency of the government of Thailand which supports research in science and technology and its application in the Thai economy.[citation needed]

The Synchrotron Light Research Institute (SLRI) is a Thai synchrotron light source for physics, chemistry, material science, and life sciences. It is at the Suranaree University of Technology (SUT), in Nakhon Ratchasima, about 300 kilometres (190 miles) northeast of Bangkok. The institute, financed by the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), houses the only large scale synchrotron in Southeast Asia. It was originally built as the SORTEC synchrotron in Japan and later moved to Thailand and modified for 1.2 GeV operation. It provides users with regularly scheduled light.[citation needed]

Internet
In Bangkok, there are 23,000 free public Wi-Fi Internet hotspots.[102] The Internet in Thailand includes 10Gbit/s high speed fibre-optic lines that can be leased and ISPs such as KIRZ that provide residential Internet services.[citation needed]

The Internet is censored by the Thai government, making some sites unreachable.[103] The organisations responsible are the Royal Thai Police, the Communications Authority of Thailand, and the Ministry of Information and Communication Technology (MICT).[citation needed]

Economy
Main article: Economy of Thailand
Thailand is an emerging economy and is considered a newly industrialised country. Thailand had a 2013 GDP of US$673 billion (on a purchasing power parity [PPP] basis).[104] Thailand is the 2nd largest economy in Southeast Asia after Indonesia. Thailand ranks midway in the wealth spread in Southeast Asia as it is the 4th richest nation according to GDP per capita, after Singapore, Brunei, and Malaysia.

Thailand functions as an anchor economy for the neighbouring developing economies of Laos, Myanmar, and Cambodia. In the third quarter of 2014, the unemployment rate in Thailand stood at 0.84% according to Thailand's National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB).[105]

Recent economic history

The BTS Skytrain passes through Sathon, the business district of Bangkok, the capital of Thailand and the country's largest commercial and financial centre.

The MahaNakhon skyscraper in Bangkok
Thailand experienced the world's highest economic growth rate from 1985 to 1996 – averaging 12.4% annually. In 1997 increased pressure on the baht, a year in which the economy contracted by 1.9%, led to a crisis that uncovered financial sector weaknesses and forced the Chavalit Yongchaiyudh administration to float the currency. Prime Minister Chavalit Yongchaiyudh was forced to resign after his cabinet came under fire for its slow response to the economic crisis. The baht was pegged at 25 to the US dollar from 1978 to 1997. The baht reached its lowest point of 56 to the US dollar in January 1998 and the economy contracted by 10.8% that year, triggering the Asian financial crisis.

Thailand's economy started to recover in 1999, expanding 4.2–4.4% in 2000, thanks largely to strong exports. Growth (2.2%) was dampened by the softening of the global economy in 2001, but picked up in the subsequent years owing to strong growth in Asia, a relatively weak baht encouraging exports, and increased domestic spending as a result of several mega projects and incentives of Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra, known as Thaksinomics. Growth in 2002, 2003, and 2004 was 5–7% annually.

Growth in 2005, 2006, and 2007 hovered around 4–5%. Due both to the weakening of the US dollar and an increasingly strong Thai currency, by March 2008 the dollar was hovering around the 33 baht mark. While Thaksinomics has received criticism, official economic data reveals that between 2001 and 2011, Isan's GDP per capita more than doubled to US$1,475, while, over the same period, GDP in the Bangkok area increased from US$7,900 to nearly US$13,000.[106]

With the instability surrounding major 2010 protests, the GDP growth of Thailand settled at around 4–5%, from highs of 5–7% under the previous civilian administration. Political uncertainty was identified as the primary cause of a decline in investor and consumer confidence. The IMF predicted that the Thai economy would rebound strongly from the low 0.1% GDP growth in 2011, to 5.5% in 2012 and then 7.5% in 2013, due to the monetary policy of the Bank of Thailand, as well as a package of fiscal stimulus measures introduced by the former Yingluck Shinawatra government.[107]

Following the Thai military coup of 22 May 2014, the AFP global news agency published an article that claimed that the nation was on the verge of recession. The article focused on the departure of nearly 180,000 Cambodians from Thailand due to fears of an immigration clampdown, but concluded with information on the Thai economy's contraction of 2.1% quarter-on-quarter, from January to the end of March 2014.[108]

Exports and manufacturing

Automotive production in Thailand, 2004–2013

A proportional representation of Thailand's exports
The economy of Thailand is heavily export-dependent, with exports accounting for more than two-thirds of gross domestic product (GDP). Thailand exports over US$105 billion worth of goods and services annually.[1] Major exports include rice, textiles and footwear, fishery products, rubber, jewellery, cars, computers, and electrical appliances.[1]

Substantial industries include electric appliances, components, computer components, and vehicles. Thailand's recovery from the 1997–1998 Asian financial crisis depended mainly on exports, among various other factors. As of 2012, the Thai automotive industry was the largest in Southeast Asia and the 9th largest in the world.[109][110][111] The Thailand industry has an annual output of near 1.5 million vehicles, mostly commercial vehicles.[111]

Most of the vehicles built in Thailand are developed and licensed by foreign producers, mainly Japanese and South Korean. The Thai car industry takes advantage of the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) to find a market for many of its products. Eight manufacturers, five Japanese, two US, and Tata of India, produce pick-up trucks in Thailand.[112] Thailand is the second largest consumer of pick-up trucks in the world, after the US.[citation needed] In 2014, pick-ups accounted for 42% of all new vehicle sales in Thailand.[112]

Tourism

Statue of a mythical Kinnon, Wat Phra Kaew, Bangkok
Further information: Tourism in Thailand
Tourism makes up about 6% of the economy. Thailand was the most visited country in Southeast Asia in 2013, according to the World Tourism Organisation. Estimates of tourism receipts directly contributing to the Thai GDP of 12 trillion baht range from 9 percent (1 trillion baht) (2013) to 16 percent.[113] When including the indirect effects of tourism, it is said to account for 20.2 percent (2.4 trillion baht) of Thailand's GDP.[114]:1

The Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) uses the slogan "Amazing Thailand" to promote Thailand internationally. In 2015, this was supplemented by a "Discover Thainess" campaign.[115]

Asian tourists primarily visit Thailand for Bangkok and the historical, natural, and cultural sights in its vicinity. Western tourists not only visit Bangkok and surroundings, but in addition many travel to the southern beaches and islands. The north is the chief destination for trekking and adventure travel with its diverse ethnic minority groups and forested mountains. The region hosting the fewest tourists is Isan in the northeast. To accommodate foreign visitors, the Thai government established a separate tourism police with offices in the major tourist areas and its own central emergency telephone number.[116]


"Amazing Thailand" – Thailand Tourism booth at a Travel and Tour Expo
Thailand's attractions include diving, sandy beaches, hundreds of tropical islands, nightlife, archaeological sites, museums, hill tribes, flora and bird life, palaces, Buddhist temples and several World Heritage sites. Many tourists follow courses during their stay in Thailand. Popular are classes in Thai cooking, Buddhism and traditional Thai massage. Thai national festivals range from Thai New Year Songkran to Loy Krathong. Many localities in Thailand also have their own festivals. Among the best-known are the "Elephant Round-up" in Surin, the "Rocket Festival" in Yasothon and the "Phi Ta Khon" festival in Dan Sai. Thai cuisine has become famous worldwide with its enthusiastic use of fresh herbs and spices.

Bangkok shopping malls offer a variety of international and local brands. Towards the north of the city, and easily reached by skytrain or underground, is the Chatuchak Weekend Market. It is possibly the largest market in the world, selling everything from household items to live, and sometimes endangered, animals.[117] The "Pratunam Market" specialises in fabrics and clothing. The night markets in the Silom area and on Khaosan Road are mainly tourist-oriented, selling items such as T-shirts, handicrafts, counterfeit watches and sunglasses. In the vicinity of Bangkok one can find several floating markets such as the one in Damnoen Saduak. The "Sunday Evening Walking Street Market", held on Rachadamnoen Road inside the old city, is a shopping highlight of a visit to Chiang Mai up in northern Thailand. It attracts many locals as well as foreigners. The "Night Bazaar" is Chiang Mai's more tourist-oriented market, sprawling over several city blocks just east of the old city walls towards the river.

Prostitution in Thailand and sex tourism also form a de facto part of the economy. Cultural milieu combined with poverty and the lure of money have caused prostitution and sex tourism in particular to flourish in Thailand. One estimate published in 2003 placed the trade at US$4.3 billion per year or about 3% of the Thai economy.[118] According to research by Chulalongkorn University on the Thai illegal economy, prostitution in Thailand in the period between 1993 and 1995, made up around 2.7% of the GDP.[119] It is believed that at least 10% of tourist dollars are spent on the sex trade.[120]

Agriculture
Further information: Agriculture in Thailand

Thailand had long been the largest rice exporter in the world. Forty-nine percent of Thailand's labour force is employed in agriculture.[121]
Forty-nine per cent of Thailand's labour force is employed in agriculture.[121] This is down from 70% in 1980.[121] Rice is the most important crop in the country and Thailand had long been the world's leading exporter of rice, until recently falling behind both India and Vietnam.[122] Thailand has the highest percentage of arable land, 27.25%, of any nation in the Greater Mekong Subregion.[123] About 55% of the arable land area is used for rice production.[124]

Agriculture has been experiencing a transition from labour-intensive and transitional methods to a more industrialised and competitive sector.[121] Between 1962 and 1983, the agricultural sector grew by 4.1% per year on average and continued to grow at 2.2% between 1983 and 2007.[121] The relative contribution of agriculture to GDP has declined while exports of goods and services have increased.

Energy
Further information: Energy in Thailand
75% of Thailand's electrical generation is powered by natural gas in 2014.[125] Coal-fired power plants produce an additional 20% of electricity, with the remainder coming from biomass, hydro, and biogas.[125]

Thailand produces roughly one-third of the oil it consumes. It is the second largest importer of oil in SE Asia. Thailand is a large producer of natural gas, with reserves of at least 10 trillion cubic feet. After Indonesia, it is the largest coal producer in SE Asia, but must import additional coal to meet domestic demand.

Transportation
Main articles: Transport in Thailand and List of airports in Thailand
Demographics
Main article: Demographics of Thailand
Thailand had a population of 66,720,153[126] as of 2013. Thailand's population is largely rural, concentrated in the rice-growing areas of the central, northeastern, and northern regions. Thailand had an urban population of 45.7% as of 2010, concentrated mostly in and around the Bangkok Metropolitan Area.

Thailand's government-sponsored family planning program resulted in a dramatic decline in population growth from 3.1% in 1960 to around 0.4% today. In 1970, an average of 5.7 people lived in a Thai household. At the time of the 2010 census, the average Thai household size was 3.2 people.

Ethnic groups
Further information: Ethnic groups in Thailand
Thai nationals make up the majority of Thailand's population, 95.9% in 2010. The remaining 4.1% of the population are Burmese (2.0%), others 1.3%, and unspecified 0.9%.[1]

According to the Royal Thai Government's 2011 Country Report to the UN Committee responsible for the International Convention for the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, available from the Department of Rights and Liberties Promotion of the Thai Ministry of Justice,[3]:3 62 ethnic communities are officially recognised in Thailand. Twenty million Central Thai (together with approximately 650,000 Khorat Thai) make up approximately 20,650,000 (34.1 percent) of the nation's population of 60,544,937[127] at the time of completion of the Mahidol University Ethnolinguistic Maps of Thailand data (1997).[128]

The 2011 Thailand Country Report provides population numbers for mountain peoples ('hill tribes') and ethnic communities in the Northeast and is explicit about its main reliance on the Mahidol University Ethnolinguistic Maps of Thailand data.[128] Thus, though over 3.288 million people in the Northeast alone could not be categorised, the population and percentages of other ethnic communities circa 1997 are known for all of Thailand and constitute minimum populations. In descending order, the largest (equal to or greater than 400,000) are a) 15,080,000 Lao (24.9 percent) consisting of the Thai Lao[2] (14 million) and other smaller Lao groups, namely the Thai Loei (400-500,000), Lao Lom (350,000), Lao Wiang/Klang (200,000), Lao Khrang (90,000), Lao Ngaew (30,000), and Lao Ti (10,000; b) six million Khon Muang (9.9 percent, also called Northern Thais); c) 4.5 million Pak Tai (7.5 percent, also called Southern Thais); d) 1.4 million Khmer Leu (2.3 percent, also called Northern Khmer); e) 900,000 Malay (1.5%); f) 500,000 Ngaw (0.8 percent); g) 470,000 Phu Thai (0.8 percent); h) 400,000 Kuy/Kuay (also known as Suay) (0.7 percent), and i) 350,000 Karen (0.6 percent).[3]:7-13 Thai Chinese, those of significant Chinese heritage, are 14% of the population,[6] while Thais with partial Chinese ancestry comprise up to 40% of the population.[129] Thai Malays represent 3% of the population, with the remainder consisting of Mons, Khmers and various "hill tribes". The country's official language is Thai and the primary religion is Theravada Buddhism, which is practised by around 95% of the population.

Increasing numbers of migrants from neighbouring Myanmar, Laos, and Cambodia, as well as from Nepal and India, have pushed the total number of non-national residents to around 3.5 million as of 2009, up from an estimated 2 million in 2008, and about 1.3 million in 2000.[130] Some 41,000 Britons live in Thailand.[131]

Population centres
Further information: List of cities in Thailand


v t e
Largest municipalities in Thailand
See template
Rank Name Province Pop. Rank Name Province Pop.
Bangkok
Bangkok
Nonthaburi
Nonthaburi 1 Bangkok Krung Thep Maha Nakhon 5,658,953
(2005)[132] 11 Pattaya Chonburi 104,318
(2007)[133] Pak Kret
Pak Kret
Hat Yai
Hat Yai
2 Nonthaburi Nonthaburi 260,555
(2011)[134] 12 Nakhon Sawan Nakhon Sawan 90,412
3 Pak Kret Nonthaburi 168,763
(2008)[135] 13 Ubon Ratchathani Ubon Ratchathani 84,509
4 Hat Yai Songkhla 157,682
(2008)[136] 14 Nakhon Pathom Nakhon Pathom 83,007
5 Nakhon Ratchasima Nakhon Ratchasima 135,357
(2013)[137] 15 Phitsanulok Phitsanulok 79,535
6 Chiang Mai Chiang Mai 141,361
(2011)[138] 16 Phuket Phuket 74,218
7 Udon Thani Udon Thani 141,953
(2010)[139] 17 Songkhla Songkhla 73,170
8 Surat Thani Surat Thani 127,496
(2008)[140] 18 Chiang Rai Chiang Rai 67,176
9 Khon Kaen Khon Kaen 113,754 19 Laem Chabang Chonburi 64,607
10 Nakhon Si Thammarat Nakhon Si Thammarat 109,353 20 Yala Yala 62,896
Language
Main article: Languages of Thailand
Population, Thailand
Year Pop. ±%
1910 8,131,247 —
1919 9,207,355 +13.2%
1929 11,506,207 +25.0%
1937 14,464,105 +25.7%
1947 17,442,689 +20.6%
1960 26,257,916 +50.5%
1970 34,397,371 +31.0%
1980 44,824,540 +30.3%
1990 54,548,530 +21.7%
2000 60,916,441 +11.7%
2010 65,926,261 +8.2%
Source: [1] National Statistical Office of Thailand
The official language of Thailand is Thai, a Tai–Kadai language closely related to Lao, Shan in Myanmar, and numerous smaller languages spoken in an arc from Hainan and Yunnan south to the Chinese border. It is the principal language of education and government and spoken throughout the country. The standard is based on the dialect of the central Thai people, and it is written in the Thai alphabet, an abugida script that evolved from the Khmer alphabet. Sixty-two languages were recognised by the Royal Thai Government in the 2011 Country Report to the UN Committee responsible for the International Convention for the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, which employed an ethnolinguistic approach and is available from the Department of Rights and Liberties Promotion of the Thai Ministry of Justice.[3]:3 Southern Thai is spoken in the southern provinces, and Northern Thai is spoken in the provinces that were formerly part of the independent kingdom of Lan Na. For the purposes of the national census, which does not recognise all 62 languages recognised by the Royal Thai Government in the 2011 Country Report, four dialects of Thai exist; these partly coincide with regional designations.

The largest of Thailand's minority languages is the Lao dialect of Isan spoken in the northeastern provinces. Although sometimes considered a Thai dialect, it is a Lao dialect, and the region where it is traditionally spoken was historically part of the Lao kingdom of Lan Xang. In the far south, Kelantan-Pattani Malay is the primary language of Malay Muslims. Varieties of Chinese are also spoken by the large Thai Chinese population, with the Teochew dialect best-represented.

Numerous tribal languages are also spoken, including many Austroasiatic languages such as Mon, Khmer, Viet, Mlabri and Orang Asli; Austronesian languages such as Cham and Moken; Sino-Tibetan languages like Lawa, Akha, and Karen; and other Tai languages such as Tai Yo, Phu Thai, and Saek. Hmong is a member of the Hmong–Mien languages, which is now regarded as a language family of its own.

English is a mandatory school subject, but the number of fluent speakers remains low, especially outside cities.

Religion
Main article: Religion in Thailand
Religion in Thailand, 2010[7][141]
Religion Percent
Buddhism

93.2%
Islam

5.5%
Christianity

0.9%
Hinduism

0.1%
Unaffiliated

0.3%
Thailand's prevalent religion is Theravada Buddhism, which is an integral part of Thai identity and culture. Active participation in Buddhism is among the highest in the world. According to the 2000 census, 94.6% of the country's population self-identified as Buddhists of the Theravada tradition. Muslims constitute the second largest religious group in Thailand, comprising 4.6% of the population.[1][142]

Islam is concentrated mostly in the country's southernmost provinces: Pattani, Yala, Satun, Narathiwat, and part of Songkhla Chumphon, which are predominantly Malay, most of whom are Sunni Muslims. Christians represent 0.9% of the population, with the remaining population consisting of Sikhs and Hindus, who live mostly in the country's cities. There is also a small but historically significant Jewish community in Thailand dating back to the 17th century.

Culture
Main article: Culture of Thailand
See also: Music of Thailand, Isan, and Cinema of Thailand

Theravada Buddhism, highly practised in Thailand
Thai culture has been shaped by many influences, including Indian, Lao, Burmese, Cambodian, and Chinese.

Its traditions incorporate a great deal of influence from India, China, Cambodia, and the rest of Southeast Asia. Thailand's national religion, Theravada Buddhism, is central to modern Thai identity. Thai Buddhism has evolved over time to include many regional beliefs originating from Hinduism, animism, as well as ancestor worship. The official calendar in Thailand is based on the Eastern version of the Buddhist Era (BE), which is 543 years ahead of the Gregorian (Western) calendar. Thus the year 2015 is 2558 BE in Thailand.

Several different ethnic groups, many of which are marginalised, populate Thailand. Some of these groups spill over into Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia and Malaysia and have mediated change between their traditional local culture, national Thai, and global cultural influences. Overseas Chinese also form a significant part of Thai society, particularly in and around Bangkok. Their successful integration into Thai society has allowed for this group to hold positions of economic and political power. Thai Chinese businesses prosper as part of the larger bamboo network, a network of overseas Chinese businesses operating in the markets of Southeast Asia that share common family and cultural ties.[143]


Khon show is the most stylised form of Thai performance.
The traditional Thai greeting, the wai, is generally offered first by the younger of the two people meeting, with their hands pressed together, fingertips pointing upwards as the head is bowed to touch face to fingertips, usually coinciding with the spoken words "sawatdi khrap" for male speakers, and "sawatdi kha" for females. The elder may then respond in the same way. Social status and position, such as in government, will also have an influence on who performs the wai first. For example, although one may be considerably older than a provincial governor, when meeting it is usually the visitor who pays respect first. When children leave to go to school, they are taught to wai their parents to indicate their respect. The wai is a sign of respect and reverence for another, similar to the namaste greeting of India and Nepal.

As with other Asian cultures, respect towards ancestors is an essential part of Thai spiritual practice. Thais have a strong sense of hospitality and generosity, but also a strong sense of social hierarchy. Seniority is paramount in Thai culture. Elders have by tradition ruled in family decisions or ceremonies. Older siblings have duties to younger ones.

Taboos in Thailand include touching someone's head or pointing with the feet, as the head is considered the most sacred and the foot the lowest part of the body.

Cuisine
Further information: Cuisine of Thailand
Thai cuisine blends five fundamental tastes: sweet, spicy, sour, bitter, and salty. Common ingredients used in Thai cuisine include garlic, chillies, lime juice, lemon grass, coriander, galangal, palm sugar, and fish sauce (nam pla). The staple food in Thailand is rice, particularly jasmine variety rice (also known as "hom Mali" rice) which forms a part of almost every meal. Thailand was long[when?] the world's largest exporter of rice, and Thais domestically consume over 100 of milled rice per person per year.[124] Over 5,000 varieties of rice from Thailand are preserved in the rice gene bank of the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), based in the Philippines. The king of Thailand is the official patron of IRRI.[144]

Media
Further information: Media of Thailand
Thai society has been influenced in recent years by its widely available multi-language press and media. There are some English and numerous Thai and Chinese newspapers in circulation. Most Thai popular magazines use English headlines as a chic glamour factor. Many large businesses in Bangkok operate in English as well as other languages.

Thailand is the largest newspaper market in Southeast Asia with an estimated circulation of over 13 million copies daily in 2003. Even upcountry, out of Bangkok, the media flourish. For example, according to Thailand's Public Relations Department Media Directory 2003–2004, the nineteen provinces of Isan, Thailand's northeastern region, hosted 116 newspapers along with radio, TV, and cable. Since then, another province, Bueng Kan, was incorporated, totalling twenty provinces. In addition, a military coup on 22 May 2014 led to severe state restrictions on all media and forms of expression.

Units of measurement
Further information: Thai units of measurement
Thailand generally uses the metric system, but traditional units of measurement for land area are used, and imperial units of measurement are occasionally used for building materials, such as wood and plumbing fixtures. Years are numbered as B.E. (Buddhist Era) in educational settings, the civil service, government, and on contracts and newspaper datelines. In banking, and increasingly in industry and commerce, standard Western year (Christian or Common Era) counting is the standard practice.[145]

Sports
See also: Thailand at the Olympics, Rugby union in Thailand, Golf in Thailand, and Football in Thailand

Muay Thai, Thailand's signature sport
Muay Thai (Thai: มวยไทย, RTGS: Muai Thai, [muaj tʰaj], lit. "Thai boxing") is a native form of kickboxing and Thailand's signature sport. It incorporates kicks, punches, knees and elbow strikes in a ring with gloves similar to those used in Western boxing and this has led to Thailand gaining medals at the Olympic Games in boxing.

Association football has overtaken muay Thai as the most widely followed sport in contemporary Thai society. Thailand national football team has played the AFC Asian Cup six times and reached the semifinals in 1972. The country has hosted the Asian Cup twice, in 1972 and in 2007. The 2007 edition was co-hosted together with Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam. It is not uncommon to see Thais cheering their favourite English Premier League teams on television and walking around in replica kit. Another widely enjoyed pastime, and once a competitive sport, is kite flying.


Rajamangala National Stadium
Volleyball is rapidly growing as one of the most popular sports. The women's team has often participated in the World Championship, World Cup, and World Grand Prix Asian Championship. They have won the Asian Championship twice and Asian Cup once. By the success of the women's team, the men team has been growing as well.

Takraw (Thai: ตะกร้อ) is a sport native to Thailand, in which the players hit a rattan ball and are only allowed to use their feet, knees, chest, and head to touch the ball. Sepak takraw is a form of this sport which is similar to volleyball. The players must volley a ball over a net and force it to hit the ground on the opponent's side. It is also a popular sport in other countries in Southeast Asia. A rather similar game but played only with the feet is buka ball.

Snooker has enjoyed increasing popularity in Thailand in recent years, with interest in the game being stimulated by the success of Thai snooker player James Wattana in the 1990s.[146] Other notable players produced by the country include Ratchayothin Yotharuck, Noppon Saengkham and Dechawat Poomjaeng.[147]

Rugby is also a growing sport in Thailand with the Thailand national rugby union team rising to be ranked 61st in the world.[148] Thailand became the first country in the world to host an international 80 welterweight rugby tournament in 2005.[149] The national domestic Thailand Rugby Union (TRU) competition includes several universities and services teams such as Chulalongkorn University, Mahasarakham University, Kasetsart University, Prince of Songkla University, Thammasat University, Rangsit University, the Thai Police, the Thai Army, the Thai Navy and the Royal Thai Air Force. Local sports clubs which also compete in the TRU include the British Club of Bangkok, the Southerners Sports Club (Bangkok) and the Royal Bangkok Sports Club.

Thailand has been called the golf capital of Asia[150] as it is a popular destination for golf. The country attracts a large number of golfers from Japan, Korea, Singapore, South Africa, and Western countries who come to play golf in Thailand every year.[151] The growing popularity of golf, especially among the middle classes and immigrants, is evident as there are more than 200 world-class golf courses nationwide,[152] and some of them are chosen to host PGA and LPGA tournaments, such as Amata Spring Country Club, Alpine Golf and Sports Club, Thai Country Club, and Black Mountain Golf Club.

Basketball is a growing sport in Thailand, especially on the professional sports club level. The Chang Thailand Slammers won the 2011 ASEAN Basketball League Championship.[153] The Thailand national basketball team had its most successful year at the 1966 Asian Games where it won the silver medal.[154]

Other sports in Thailand are slowly growing as the country develops its sporting infrastructure. The success in sports like weightlifting and taekwondo at the last two summer Olympic Games has demonstrated that boxing is no longer the only medal option for Thailand.

Sporting venues
Thammasat Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Bangkok. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium holds 25,000. It is on Thammasat University's Rangsit campus. It was built for the 1998 Asian Games by construction firm Christiani and Nielsen, the same company that constructed the Democracy Monument in Bangkok.

Rajamangala National Stadium is the biggest sporting arena in Thailand. It currently has a capacity of 65,000. It is in Bang Kapi, Bangkok. The stadium was built in 1998 for the 1998 Asian Games and is the home stadium of the Thailand national football team.

The well-known Lumpini Boxing Stadium will host its final Muay Thai boxing matches on 7 February 2014 after the venue first opened in December 1956. Managed by the Royal Thai Army, the stadium was officially selected for the purpose of muay Thai bouts following a competition that was staged on 15 March 1956. From 11 February 2014, the stadium will relocate to Ram Intra Road, due to the new venue's capacity to accommodate audiences of up to 3,500. Foreigners typically pay between 1,000–2,000 baht to view a match, with prices depending on the location of the seating.[155]

Sport events
Multi-sport event
Games Events Venues
Universiade (FISU) 2007 Summer Universiade Bangkok
Asian Games (OCA) 1966 Asian Games Bangkok
1970 Asian Games Bangkok
1978 Asian Games Bangkok
1998 Asian Games Bangkok
Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games (OCA) 2005 Asian Indoor Games Bangkok
2009 Asian Martial Arts Games Bangkok
Asian Beach Games (OCA) 2014 Asian Beach Games Phuket
Southeast Asian Games (SEAGF) 1959 Southeast Asian Peninsular Games Bangkok
1967 Southeast Asian Peninsular Games Bangkok
1975 Southeast Asian Peninsular Games Bangkok
1985 Southeast Asian Games Bangkok
1995 Southeast Asian Games Chiang Mai
2007 Southeast Asian Games Nakhon Ratchasima
ASEAN Para Games (APSF) 2008 ASEAN Para Games Nakhon Ratchasima
ASEAN University Games (AUSC) 1981 ASEAN University Games Chiang Mai
1988 ASEAN University Games Chonburi
1999 ASEAN University Games Bangkok
2010 ASEAN University Games Chiang Mai
ASEAN School Games (ASSC) 2009 ASEAN School Games Suphan Buri
2016 ASEAN School Games Chiang Mai
International sports federations events
Summer Olympics Federations
Sports Events Years
Archery (WA) WA World Para-archery Championships 2013
WA World University Archery Championships 2002
Badminton (BWF) BWF World Men's Team Championships 1976
BWF World Junior Championships 2013
BWF World Badminton Grand Prix Finals 1994
BWF Badminton World Cup 1988
Basketball (FIBA) FIBA Under-19 World Championship for Women 2009
Boxing (AIBA) AIBA World Boxing Championships 2003
Football (FIFA) FIFA U-19 Women's World Championship 2004
FIFA Futsal World Cup 2012
Table tennis (ITTF) ITTF World Tour Grand Finals 2014
Taekwondo (WTF) WTF World Cup Taekwondo Team Championships 2006
Volleyball (FIVB) FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix 2016
FIVB Volleyball Men's U21 World Championship 1999
FIVB Volleyball Women's U20 World Championship 1995, 2003, 2007
FIVB Volleyball Boys' U19 World Championship 2003
FIVB Volleyball Girls' U18 World Championship 1997, 2009, 2013
FIVB Beach Volleyball U19 World Championships 2003
Weightlifting (IWF) IWF World Weightlifting Championships 1997, 2007
IWF World University Weightlifting Championships 2014
IWF World Youth Weightlifting Championships 2009
Wrestling (UWW) UWW World Beach Wrestling Championships 2012
Beauty pageants
Women's pageants
Events Years Contestant Awards
Miss Universe 1965 Apasra Hongsakula Winner
1966 Cheranand Savetanand 2nd Runner-up
1988 Porntip Nakhirunkanok Winner
Miss World 1989 Prathumrat Woramali 3rd Runner-up
1997 Tanya Suesuntisook 4rd Runner-up
Miss International 1968 Rungtip Pinyo 4th Runner-up
1969 Usanee Phenphimol 4th Runner-up
1971 Supuk Likitkul 1st Runner-up
2010 Piyaporn Deejing 1st Runner-up
2014 Punika Kulsoontornrut 2nd Runner-up
Miss Earth 2010 Watsaporn Wattanakoon 2nd Runner-up
2013 Punika Kulsoontornrut 2nd Runner-up
International rankings
Main article: International rankings of Thailand
Organisation Survey Ranking
Heritage Foundation Indices of Economic Freedom 60 of 179
A.T. Kearney/Foreign Policy Magazine Global Services Location Index 2011 7 of 50
Reporters Without Borders Worldwide Press Freedom Index, 2014 130 of 180
Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index 80 of 179
United Nations Development Programme Human Development Index 89 of 187
World Economic Forum Global Competitiveness Report (2008) 34 of 134[156]
World Gold Council Gold reserve (2010) 24 of 111
HSBC International Expat Explorer Survey (2012) 2 of 30[157]
See also
Thailand portal
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Southeast Asia portal
Book icon
Book: Thailand
Outline of Thailand
Index of Thailand-related articles
Royal Thai Police
Law of Thailand
Telecommunications in Thailand
Thai ceramics
Thai temple art and architecture
Transport in Thailand
Corruption in Thailand
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Jump up ^ The Nation, NLA 'doesn't represent' all of the people, 14 October 2006
Jump up ^ The Nation, Assembly will not play a major role, 14 October 2006
Jump up ^ The Nation, Interim charter draft, 27 September 2006
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Jump up ^ Thailändisches Verfassungsgericht verbietet Regierungspartei. Der Spiegel, 2 December 2008
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Jump up ^ "Bangkok clashes death toll climbs to 18, with 800 hurt". BBC News. 11 April 2010.
Jump up ^ Aj Jazeera English, Bloodiest Thai clashes in 18 years, 11 April 2010
Jump up ^ Australia 'very concerned' over Thailand clashes, NST Online Australia, 11 April 2010
Jump up ^ Military admits firing at reds, Bangkok Post, 15 April 2010
Jump up ^ "Profile: Thailand's reds and yellows". BBC News.
Jump up ^ "Thailand confirms Yingluck Shinawatra as first female PM". The Guardian. 5 August 2011. Retrieved 15 December 2013.
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Bibliography
Cœdès, George (1968). Walter F. Vella, ed. The Indianized States of Southeast Asia. trans.Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1.
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Karma sa mga bading na maldita
User avatar
VEKLU
ELITES are highly regarded as FINEST posters of Missosology.
ELITES are highly regarded as FINEST posters of Missosology.
 
Posts: 2946
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Message: Just don't Mess with me....and there will be no problem

  • 0

Re: Cheaters will never win, coz karma's a bitch!

Postby Mariana Erwin » Thu Feb 09, 2017 12:01 pm

beachbeauty wrote:
Mariana Erwin wrote:
beachbeauty wrote:all the replies here are jokes after jokes it's hilarious! english is the official lanaguage of philippines and u need translators for a language of your country? there can only be 2 reasons: either someone is trying to be a cheater or someone is stupid that's why can't speak official language of own country. go ahead and choose one guys :%)) :%)) :%)) =;)) =;)) =;))

veneuzuela, panama, dominican rep and the rest of latin america use SPANISH and speak only SPANISH, so when they attempt to answer in english is sincere EXTRA EFFORTS trying to impress the judges and audiences, by comparing apples with oranges, your nonsense logic is NONSENSE =;)) =;)) =;)) =;)) =;)) =;))
The official language of the Philippines is FILIPINO. English is an official language, but it is only a secondary language, dear. 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-}

And no, the reason why the girls from Latin America use translators is because they cannot speak English, which is the language used to communicate with other people internationally. While English is an official language in some of these countries, Spanish is more superior. And of course, Filipino is superior than English in the Philippines because Filipino is the native language of the country.

The reason why you need a translator is the same reason why the girls from Latin America need them - its because they can't speak it or they are not comfortable speaking it. That's why an interpreter was there because Maxine's flaw is communication. She is a bit shy. At least, she made it to the final 6.

By the way, while you support Andrea, I will never support her for her immaturity. And so as your ''Miss Universe'', who turned out to be a bitter gourd as well.


TO MY DEAREST MARIANA ERWIN, I DEDICATED THIS PICTURE TO YOU AND I HOPE YOU WILL PRINT IT OUT IN HD, FRAME IT IN A GOLD FRAME AND PUT IN NEXT TO YOUR BED SO THAT YOU CAN LOOK AT IT EVERY MORNING AND EVERY NIGHT, MUCH LOVE FROM BEACH BEAUTY :-* :-* :-* :-* :-* :-* :-* :-* :-* :-* :-* :-* :-* :-* :-* :-* :-* :-* :-* :-*
Image
No thanks, you should do what you just said. I don't want to look at a racist Miss Universe candidate every day. I would rather hang a picture of Pia instead rather than your so-called ''Miss Universe'' Ariadna. 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-} 8-}
No more bashers in 2022, please.

Also, watch Dani Walker's video to know more on how bashers can kill with their words.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lbYUDqSC1UM
User avatar
Mariana Erwin
PROFESSIONALS are DIPLOMATIC and QUALITY posters.
PROFESSIONALS are DIPLOMATIC and QUALITY posters.
 
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  • 0

Re: Cheaters will never win, coz karma's a bitch!

Postby Sybarite » Thu Feb 09, 2017 11:11 pm

Train them first not to sound like CHIPMUNKS when they speak. Miss Universe wants a beautiful spokesperson...not a voice talent for animated films. =;)) =;)) =;)) =;))
Prissila wrote:
Sybarite wrote:Both Philippines and Thailand failed to reach top 3. In other words both of them lost. Does that mean that Chalita suffered from bad karma too? So what kind of cheating did the Thai delegate do? putting too much make up to make her plain face look prettier and her nose smaller? She should be thankful that she got the easiest question. Every pageant girl has a memorized answer for that most common pageant question. Just be happy that finally a Thai delegate did better than most of the previous representatives from her country. Something that the worldwide audience rarely see, and that will probably happen again only after 20 or 30 years from now. So just enjoy this rare moment...and stop the obsession with every Miss Universe Philippines. Oh! BTW, the Binibining Pilipinas season is about to begin, and we all know that all these bashers here are eagerly waiting for that too. Enjoy!
I need to slayed this stupid comment!!ok!!pageant fan around the world r not blinded& stupid as pinoys !we all know Chalita very popular more than Maxin Medina!!u said Chalita is plain and big nose!! :%)) but I know it's almost 60 years now that Php tried hard to search Pinay queen who in the same level of beauty with Chalita!!but u still can't find anyone yet!u only can dream that Janicel &Ann colis looks like Chalita!!ok i understand you Php!! :%)) but as u know that Thailand is a mother of Asian beauty so from now on our MUT will show the world that we have high caliber Asian beauty!we will produce high caliber asian beauty to Miss Universe!!we already started with Aniporn and Chalita!!we will be Venezuela of Asia!! >:)the new era of the new power house is just begun!!stay tuned >:)
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Re: Cheaters will never win, coz karma's a bitch!

Postby MissoCA » Fri Feb 10, 2017 2:55 am

I smell Pad Thai...shameless Sulita supporters...stop already... You're still irrelevant and desperate as hell!
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Re: Cheaters will never win, coz karma's a bitch!

Postby DULCENEA » Sat Feb 11, 2017 7:17 am

Chawchawlita is the one who mess up the q and a in top 6 compared to maxine and kenya ... she asked whom she admire current world leader she paused seconds before she got answered lol...
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Re: Cheaters will never win, coz karma's a bitch!

Postby chinkodekai » Mon Feb 13, 2017 8:48 pm

beachbeauty wrote:I believe that those who cheat in Q&A should be penalised… such as certain someone can understand and speak English, yet used translator in the Top 6 interview, this is cheating and very shameless, coz the cheater cheated extra time, but karma's a bitch so this cheater end up answering in English and even give the worst & most lousy answer in the Top 6, that's your karma for cheating! >:) >:) >:)

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Re: Cheaters will never win, coz karma's a bitch!

Postby qwerty1234 » Fri Feb 17, 2017 1:01 am

beachbeauty wrote:all the replies here are jokes after jokes it's hilarious! english is the official lanaguage of philippines and u need translators for a language of your country? there can only be 2 reasons: either someone is trying to be a cheater or someone is stupid that's why can't speak official language of own country. go ahead and choose one guys :%)) :%)) :%)) =;)) =;)) =;))

veneuzuela, panama, dominican rep and the rest of latin america use SPANISH and speak only SPANISH, so when they attempt to answer in english is sincere EXTRA EFFORTS trying to impress the judges and audiences, by comparing apples with oranges, your nonsense logic is NONSENSE =;)) =;)) =;)) =;)) =;)) =;))


FILIPINO is the "OFFICIAL LANGUANGE OF THE PHILIPPINES" not English.
Don’t doubt it. Just shout it. Mabuhay.
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